Full Text Transcript (Pages 1–50 of 148)
F:\ Final\IPCC-CA\ Account Vol. I (Hindi)\Chp-11.pmd.\Ist\13-07-2011/ Ramendra
K:\IPCC-CA\ Account Vol. I (Hindi)\Chp-11.pmd\IInd\15-7-11\C_SKChauhan
F:\Final\IPCC-CA\ Account Vol. I (Hindi)\Chp-11.pmd\IIIrd\18-7-11\Ramendra
11
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
[HIRE PURCHASE AND INSTALMENT SALE
TRANSACTIONS]
v/;;u ds mís';
(Learning Objectives)
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkar] vki l{ke gks tk;saxs
—
fdjk;k Ø; lkSnksa dh iz—fr ,oa mudh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a le>us esaA
(cid:137)
fdjk;k Ø; izfof"V;ksa dks fdjk;k [kkrk ,oa fdjk;k foØsrk nksuksa dh iqLrdkas esa
(cid:137)
vfHkfyf[kr djus esaA
fdjk;k Ø; ds fy, ys[kkadu dh fofHké fof/k;ka tSls nsunkj fof/k ,oa LdU/k
(cid:137)
,oa nsunkj fof/k dk v/;;u djus esaA
nh xbZ lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij fofHké okafNr foyqIr ewY;ksa dk irk yxkus esa tc
(cid:137)
fdjk;k Ø; lkSnksa dk ys[kk djuk gksA
iquvZf/k—r eky ds ewY; dh x.kuk ,oa vfHkys[ku djus esa rFkk ,sls eky ds iqu%
(cid:137)
foØ; ij ykHk dh Hkh x.kuk djus esaA
fdjk;k Ø; O;kikfjd [kkrk cukus ,oa ,sls lkSnksa ij ykHk dh x.kuk djus esaA
(cid:137)
NksVs ewY; ds eky ds fdjk;k Ø; ij ykHk dk ewY;kadu djus esaA
(cid:137)
fd'r Hkqxrku i)fr] ,oa ;g dSls fdjk;k Ø; lkSnksa ls fHké gS] dks Hkh le>us
(cid:137)
esaA
izLrkouk
1.
μ
(INTRODUCTION)
csgrj thou ds fy, c<+ jgh ekax ds lkFk gh eky dh [kir lkisf{kr vkdkj esa c<+ x;h gSA
ijUrq i;kZIr Ø; 'kfDr }kjk izksRlkgu u feyus ij blds izHkkoh ekax ds :ikUrj.k vFkkZr~ oLrq dh
okLrfod fcØh ;k r; fd, x, ewY; ij dh tkrh gSaA blh ds fy, cuk, x, cktkj dks fdjk;k
Ø; dgrs gSA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
388
tc dksbZ O;fDr ,d lEifÙk izkIr djuk pkgrk gS ysfdu ,d fu/kkZfjr vof/k ds vUrxZr
Hkqxrku dj ikus ds fy, fu'pr ugha gksrk og foØsrk dh lgefr ls fd'rksa esa Hkqxrku dj ldrk
gSA ;g Øsrk dks lEifr ds iz;ksx ds fy, ;ksX; cukrk gS tc ,d lger fu/kkZfjr vof/k esa fd'rksa
esa Hkqxrku gksrk gSA O;kikj ds bl izdkj ds O;ogkj dks fdjk;k Ø; lkSnksa ds uke ls tkuk tkrk
gSA ;gka] xzkgd iwjh jkf'k dk Hkqxrku ekfld] =Sekfld] v/kZ okf"kZd ;k okf"kZd fd'rksa eas djrk gS]
-
tcfd lEifr ij foØrs k dk vf/kdkj rc rd cuk jgrk gS tc rd dh Ørs k vius ijw s nkf;Ro jkf'k
dk Hkxq rku u dj nAas foØrs k ds fy, leLr fd'rka s dh jkf'k] ftlea s Ørs k dks m/kkj nh xbZ lEifÙk;kas
ij C;kt dh jkf'k 'kkfey gS] izkIr gksrh gSaA vr,oa fu/kkZfjr vof/k ds vUnj fd'rksa esa Hkqxrku
dh xbZ lEiw.kZ jkf'k fuf'pr :i ls udn Hkqxrku jkf'k ls vf/kd gksrh gS D;ksafd mlesa C;kt
yxk;k tkrk gSA
Li"Vr% nksuksa ikVhZ gh blls ykHk mBkrh gSaA bl izdkj ls Øsrk dks lEifÙk ds iz;ksx dk
vfèkdkj rRdky fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj og ,d gh foØsrk ls mRikn ,oa m/kkj nksuksa izkIr dj
ysrk gSA foØsrk ds n`f"Vdks.k ls og foØ; esa o`f) djus ds lkFk gh vius m/kkj dks Hkh olwy dj
yrs k gAS
fdjk;k Ø; vuqcU/k dh iz—fr
2.
(NATURE OF HIRE PURCHASE AGREEMENT)
fdjk;k Ø; i)fr ds vUrxZr] fdjk;k Øsrk vkmVlsV eky dk vf/kdkj ysdj mls iz;ksx
dj ldrk gS] tc bldk Hkqxrku Hkqxrku vuqcU/k ds vuqlkj fufnZ"V le;kof/k esa fd'rksa esa
djrk gSA ;|fi eky dk LokfeRo fdjk;k foØsrk ds ikl rc rd jgrk gS tc rd fd iwjh
fd'rksa dk Hkqxrku u dj nsA
fdjk;k Øsrk }kjk Hkqxrku dh xbZ izR;sd fd'r lEifÙk ds iz;ksx gsrq fdjk;s dh olwyh dh
rjg le>h tkrh gSA ;fn og fdlh Hkh fd'r ¼vkf[kjh fd'r Hkh½ dk Hkqxrku djus esa vlQy
jgrk gS] rks fdjk;k foØsrk vius eky dks fcuk fdlh {kfriwfrZ fn;s okfil ys ysxk vFkkZr~ fdjk;k
foØsrk Øsrk ls pwd dh frfFk rd fd'rksa esa izkIr fdlh Hkh jkf'k ds iwjs ;k ,d Hkkx dks okil
djus dk nk;h ugha gSA
fdjk;k Ø; vuqcU/k dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a
3.
(SPECIAL FEATURES OF HIRE PURCHASE AGREEMENT)
vf/kdkj fdjk;k foØsrk fdjk;k Ø; lafonk djus ds rqjUr ckn gh
1. (Possession)—
fdjk;k Øsrk dks dsoy oLrq dk vf/kdkj gLrkarfjr dj nsrk gSA
fd'rsa fdjk;k foØsrk }kjk eky dh lqiqnZxh bl 'krZ ij dh tkrh gS fd
2. (Instalments)—
,d fdjk;k Øsrk dks ,d vof/kxr fd'r esa jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djuk pkfg;sA
rRdky Hkqxrku fdjk;k Øsrk lkekU;r% vuqcU/k ij gLrk{kj ij
3. (Down Payment)—
,d rRdky Hkqxrku vFkkZr~ ,d jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djrk gSA
fdjk;k Ø; fd'rksa dk lkjHkwr va'k
4. (Constituents of Hire Purchase Instalments)—
izR;sd fd'r esa foÙkh; 'kqYd ¼C;kt½ dk dqN Hkkx ,oa iw¡th Hkqxrku dk dqN Hkkx 'kkfey gSA
LokfeRo vuqcU/k ds v/khu mldks iznÙk fodYi ds iz;ksx lEcU/kh
5. (Ownership)—
vf/kdkj rFkk vfUre fd'r Hkxq rku ds ckn fdjk;k Ørs k dks oLrq lEifÙk ds rkjS ij lkiaS nh tkrh gAS
iquLokZfeRo fd'r Hkqxrku ds lEcU/k esa pwd gksus ij] pkgs vfUre
6. (Repossession)—
fd'r gks] fdjk;k foØsrk dks fcuk dksbZ {kfriwfrZ fd;s oLrq dks okil ysus dk vf/kdkj gksrk gSA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
389
fdjk;k Ø; lkSnksa dh ys[kkadu O;oLFkk,¡
4.
(ACCOUNTING ARRANGEMENTS OF HIRE PURCHASE TRANSACTION)
fdjk;k Ø; lkSnksa gsrq ys[kkadu dh fof/k foØ; ds ewY; ij fuHkZj djrh gSA ;fn eky dk
foØ; ewY; vf/kd gS rks ;s ys[kkadu fof/k;k¡ viuk;h tk ldrh gSa udn ewY; fof/k C;kt
—(i) (ii)
mPpUr fof/kA eky ds NksVs foØ; ewY; ds fy;s ;s fdjk;k Ø; ys[kkadu gks ldrh gSa nus nkj
—(i)
fof/k] LdU/k ,oa nsunkj fof/kA
(ii)
fdjk;k Ø; vk/kkj ij yh xbZ lEifÙk dks lkekU; Ø; dh rjg ekuk tkuk pkfg;sA fQj Hkh
;g vko';d gS fd oxhZdj.k }kjk bl rF; dks Li"V dj fn;k tk, fd ^^fdjk;k Ø; ij lEifÙk**A
blds vuqlkj fdjk;k foØrs k lEcU/kh 'k"sk Hkqxrku jkf'k Hkh mldh iqLrdkas eas nkf;Ro eas ^^fdjk;k Ø;
fd'r ns; gqbZ ,oa fdjk;k Ø; fd'r tks vHkh ns; u gqbZ gksa** dh jkf'k dks oxhZdj.k djds ^^fdjk;k
Ø; ysunkj** ds :i esa fn[kkuk pkfg;sA
fdjk;k Øsrk dh iqLrdksa esa
4.1 (In the Books of Hire Purchaser)
udn ewY; fof/k bl fof/k ds vUrxZr] lEiw.kZ udn ewY;
4.1.1 (Cash price method)—
lEifÙk [kkrs esa MsfcV vkSj fdjk;k foØsrk ds [kkrs esa ØsfMV dh tkrh gS ¼vnÙk jkf'k ij C;kt
lfgr½A tc fd'r dk Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gS] rks fdjk;k foØsrk [kkrs dks MsfcV vkSj cSad [kkrs
dks ØsfMV fd;k tkrk gSA vfUre [kkrs rS;kj djrs le; C;kt dks ykHk&gkfu [kkrs esa vUrfjr
fd;k tkrk gS rFkk lEifÙk ls eYw ; Œkl ?kVkdj lEifÙk dks fpës eas fn[kk;k tkrk gSA fdjk;k foØrs k
dk vnÙk 'ks"k fpës esa nkf;Ro ds :i esa fn[kk;k tkrk gS ¼oSdfYid :i ls lEifÙk [kkrs ls dVkSrh
ds :i esa fn[kk;k tk ldrk gS½A
fdjk;k Ø; ij izkIr dh xbZ lEifÙk ij ewY; Œkl dh x.kuk udn ewY; ij dh tkuh
pkfg;sA
ys[kkadu leqfpr ys[kkadu vfHkys[k j[kus ds fy,] izR;sd dks tkudkjh
(Accounting)—
gksuh pkfg;s lEifÙk dh Ø; frfFk] lEifÙk dk udn eYw ;] lEifÙk dk fdjk;k Ø; eYw ;]
—(i) (2) (3)
rRdky Hkqxrku dh jkf'k] izR;sd fd'r dh jkf'k vkSj la[;k] C;kt dh nj] Œkl dh
(4) (5) (6) (7)
nj vkSj fof/k] izR;sd fd'r ds Hkqxrku dh frfFk vkSj [kkrk cgh cUn gksus dh frfFkA
(8) (9)
Journal Entries
1. On entering into the agreement
Asset Account Dr. [Full cash price]
To Hire Vendor Account
2. When down payment is made
Hire Vendor Account Dr. [Down payment]
To Cash/Bank Account
3. When an instalment becomes due
Interest Account Dr. [Interest on outstanding balance]
To Hire Vendor Account
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
390
4. When an instalment is paid
Hire Vendor Account Dr. [Amount of instalment]
To Bank Account
5. When depreciation is charged on the
asset
Depreciation Account Dr. [Calculated on cash price]
To Asset Account
6. For closing interest and depreciation
account
Profit and Loss Account Dr.
To Interest Account
To Depreciation Account
rFkkfi ,d QeZ fdjk;k Ø; lEifÙk [kkrs esa ewY; Œkl dh izHkkfjr jkf'k fn[kkus ds LFkku
ij ewY; Œkl [kkrs gsrq izko/kku dj ldrh gSA
bl ekeys esa tuZy izfof"V gksxh
—
Profit and Loss A/c Dr.
To Provision for Depreciation for Asset on Hire Purchase A/c
vkSj rc fdjk;k Ø; ij lEifÙk dks mlds ,sfrgkfld ewY; ij fn[kk;k tkrk gSA
fpës esa izdV djuk
lEifÙk;k¡
—
fLFkj lEifÙk;k¡
lEifÙk ¼udn ewY; ij½
.............
?kVk;k ewY; Œkl
: .............
.............
ysunkj
—
fdjk;k Ø; ysunkj
:
fdjk;k foØsrk [kkrs esa 'ks"k
...........
ns; fd'rsa
...........
vHkh rd ns; u gqbZ fd'rsa
...........
mnkgj.k
(Illustration) 1
tuojh] dks] ,p- ih- ,.M d- us ,Q- ,e- ,.M d- fyfeVsM us fdjk;k Ø; ij ,d
1 2006
fid vi oSu izkIr dhA lafonk dh 'krs± fuEu Fkha
- —
¼v½ oSu dk udn ewY; 1,00,000` FkkA
¼c½ lafonk ds gLrk{kj ij 40,000` Hkqxrku fd;s tkus FksA
¼l½ cdk;k dk Hkqxrku 20,000` esa C;kt tksM+dj okf"kZd jkf'k esa fd;k tkrk gSA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
391
¼n½ vnÙk jkf'k ij C;kt okf"kZd tksM+uk FkkA
6%
¼;½ ewY; Œkl okf"kZd] lh/kh js[kk fof/k ls vifyf[kr djuk gSA
20%
vkils visf{kr gS
—
¼v½ ,p- ih- ,.M d- dh iqLrdksa esa tuZy izfof"V;k¡ dhft;s rFkk tuojh] ls
1 2006 31
fnlEcj] rd lEcfU/kr [kkrs nhft;sA
2008
¼c½ fnlEcj] ls rd Øsrk ds fpës esa lEcfU/kr enksa dks fn[kkb;sA
31 2006 2008
lek/kku
(Solution)
In the Books of HP & Co.
Journal
Date Particulars Dr. Cr.
` `
2006 Pick-up Van A/c Dr. 1,00,000
Jan. 1 To FM & Co. Ltd. A/c 1,00,000
(Being the purchase of a pick-up van on hire
purchase from FM & Co. Ltd.)
Jan. 1 FM & Co. Ltd. A/c Dr. 40,000
To Bank A/c 40,000
(Being the amount paid on signing the H. P.contract)
Dec. 31 Interest A/c Dr. 3,600
To FM & Co. Ltd. A/c 3,600
(Being the interest payable @ 6% on `60,000
FM & Co. Ltd. A/c (` 20,000 + ` 3,600) Dr. 23,600
To Bank A/c 23,600
(Being the payment of 1st instalment along with
interest)
Dec. 31 Depreciation A/c Dr. 10,000
To Pick-up Van A/c 10,000
(Being the depreciation charged @ 10% p.a. on
` 1,00,000)
Dec. 31 Profit & Loss A/c Dr. 13,600
To Depreciation A/c 10,000
To Interest A/c 3,600
(Being the depreciation and interest transferred
to Profit and Loss Account)
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
392
2007 Interest A/c Dr. 2,400
Dec. 31 To FM & Co. Ltd. A/c 2,400
(Being the interest payable @ 6% on `40,000)
FM & Co. Ltd. A/c (` 20,000 + ` 2,400) Dr. 22,400
To Bank A/c 22,400
(Being the payment of 2nd instalment along with
interest)
Depreciation A/c Dr. 10,000
To Pick-up Van A/c 10,000
(Being the depreciation charged @ 10% p.a.)
Profit & Loss A/c Dr. 12,400
To Depreciation A/c 10,000
To Interest A/c 2,400
(Being the depreciation and interest charged to
Profit and Loss Account)
2008 Interest A/c Dr. 1,200
Dec. 31 To FM & Co. Ltd. A/c 1,200
(Being the interest payable @ 6% on `20,000)
FM & Co. Ltd. A/c (` 20,000 + ` 1,200) Dr. 21,200
To Bank A/c 21,200
(Being the payment of final instalment along with
interest)
Depreciation A/c Dr. 10,000
To Pick-up Van A/c 10,000
(Being the depreciation charged @ 10% p.a. on
` 1,00,000)
Profit & Loss A/c Dr. 11,200
To Depreciation A/c 10,000
To Interest A/c 1,200
(Being the interest and depreciation charged to
Profit and Loss Account)
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
393
Ledger of HP & Co. Ltd.
Dr. Pick-up Van Account Cr.
Date Particulars ` Date Particulars `
1.1.2006 To FM & Co. 31.12.2006 By Depreciation A/c 10,000
Ltd. A/c 1,00,000 31.12.2006 By Balance c/d 90,000
1,00,000 1,00,000
1.1.2007 To Balance b/d 90,000 31.12.2007 By Depreciation A/c 10,000
31.12.2007 By Balance c/d 80,000
90,000 90,000
1.1.2008 To Balance b/d 80,000 31.12.2008 By Depreciation A/c 10,000
31.12.2008 By Balance c/d 70,000
80,000 80,000
Dr. FM & Co. Ltd. Account Cr.
Date Particulars ` Date Particulars `
1.1.06 To Bank A/c 40,000 1.1.06 By Pick-up Van A/c 1,00,000
31.12.06 To Bank A/c 23,600 By Interest c/d 3,600
31.12.06 To Balance c/d 40,000
1,03,600 1,03,600
21.12.07 To Bank A/c 22,400 1.1.07 By Balance b/d 40,000
31.12.07 To Balance c/d 20,000 31.12.07 By Interest A/c 2,400
42,400 42,400
31.12.08 To Bank A/c 21,200 1.1.08 By Balance b/d 20,000
31.12.08 By Interest A/c 1,200
21,200 21,200
Dr. Depreciation Account Cr.
Date Particulars ` Date Particulars `
31.12.2006 To Pick-Van A/c 10,000 31.12.2006 By Profit & Loss A/c 10,000
31.12.2007 To Pick-up Van A/c 10,000 31.12.2007 By Profit & Loss A/c 10,000
31.12.2008 To Pick-up Van A/c 10,000 31.12.2008 By Profit & Loss A/c 10,000
Dr. Interest Account Cr.
Date Particulars ` Date Particulars `
31.12.2006 To FM & Co. Ltd. A/c 3,600 31.12.2006 By Profit & Loss A/c 3,600
31.12.2007 To FM & Co. Ltd. A/c 2,400 31.12.2007 By Profit & Loss A/c 2,400
31.12.2008 To FM & Co. Ltd. A/c 1,200 31.12.2008 By Profit & Loss A/c 1,200
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
394
Balance Sheet of Gopinath & Co. as at 31stDecember, 2006
Liabilities ` Assets `
FM & Co. Ltd. 40,000 Pick-up Van 90,000
Balance Sheet of Gopinath & Co. as at 31st December, 2007
Liabilities ` Assets `
FM & Co. Ltd. 20,000 Pick-up Van 80,000
Balance Sheet of Gopinath & Co. as at 31st December, 2008
Liabilities ` Assets `
FM & Co. Ltd. 20,000 Pick-up Van 70,000
C;kt mPpUr fof/k bl fof/k ds vUrxZr] lEifÙk
4.1.2. (Interest suspense method)—
ds LokfeRo ds gLrkarj.k ds le; dqy vuqikftZr C;kt dks C;kt mPpUr [kkrs esa gLrkarfjr
fd;k tkrk gS ckn ds o"kks± esa tc dHkh C;kt ns; gksrk gS rc C;kt [kkrs dks MsfcV ,oa C;kt
mPpUr [kkrs dks ØsfMV fd;k tkrk gSA
tuZy izfof"V
(Journal Entries)
1. When the asset is acquired on hire purchase
Asset Account Dr. [Full cash price]
To Hire Vendor Account
2. For total interest payment is made
H. P. Interest Suspense Account Dr. [Total interest]
To Hire Vendor Account
3. When down payment is made
Hire Vendor Account Dr.
To Bank Account
4. For Interest of the relevant period
Interest Account Dr. [Interest of the
relevant period]
To H. P. Interest Suspense Account
5. When an instalment is paid
Hire Vendor Account Dr.
To Bank Account
6. When depreciation is charged on the asset
Depreciation Account Dr. [Calculated cash price]
To Asset Account
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
395
7. For closing interest and depreciation account
Profit and Loss Account Dr.
To Interest Account
To Depreciation Account
mnkgj.k
(Illustration) 2
;fn ge bl fof/k dk iz;ksx mnkgj.k ls vadksa dks ysdj djsa( rks fdjk;k Ø; [kkrk]
1
C;kt mPpUr [kkrk] C;kt [kkrk ,oa ,Q- ,e- ,.M da- fyfeVsM [kkrk ,oa fpëk fuEu izdkj rS;kj
fd;k tk,xk
—
lek/kku
(Solution)
H. P. Interest Suspense Account
Date Particulars ` Date Particulars `
1.1.2006 To FM & Co. Ltd. A/c 7,200 31.12.2006 By Interest A/c 3,600
(Note 1)
31.12.2006 By Balance c/d 3,600
7,200 7,200
1.1.2007 To Balance b/d 3,600 31.12.2007 By Interest A/c 2,400
31.12.2007 By Balance c/d 1,200
3,600 3,600
1.1.2008 To Balance b/d 1,200 31.12.2008 By Interest A/c 1,200
Dr. Interest Account Cr.
Date Particulars ` Date Particulars `
31.12.2006 To H. P. Interest 3,600 31.12.2006 By Profit &
Suspense A/c Loss A/c 3,600
31.12.2007 To H. P. Interest 2,400 31.12.2007 By Profit & Loss A/c 2,400
Suspense A/c
31.12.2008 To H. P. Interest 1,200 31.12.2008 By Profit & Loss A/c 1,200
Suspense A/c
Dr. FM & Co. Ltd. Account Cr.
Date Particulars ` Date Particulars `
1.1.2006 To Bank A/c 40,000 1.1.2006 By Pick-up Van A/c 1,00,000
31.12.2006 To Bank A/c 23,600 1.1.2006 By H. P. Interest 7,200
Suspense A/c
31.12.2006 To Balance c/d 43,600
1,07,200 1,07,200
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
396
31.12.2007 To Bank A/c 22,400 1.1.2007 By Balance b/d 43,600
31.12.2007 To Balance c/d 21,200
43,600 43,600
31.12.2008 To Bank A/c 21,200 1.1.2008 By Balance b/d 21,200
Balance Sheet of HP & Co. Ltd. as at 31st December, 2006
Liabilities ` ` Assets ` `
FM & Co. Ltd. 43,600 Pick-up Van 1,00,000
Less: H. P. Interest Suspense 3,600 Less: Depreciation 10,000 90,000
Balance Sheet of HP & Co. Ltd. as at 31st December, 2007
Liabilities ` ` Assets ` `
FM & Co. Ltd. 21,200 Pick-up Van 90,000
Less: H. P. Interest 1,200 20,000 Less : Depreciation 10,000 80,000
Balance Sheet of HP &Co. Ltd. as at 31st December, 2008
Liabilities ` ` Assets ` `
Pick-up Van 80,000
Less: Depreciation 10,000 70,000
Working Notes : (1) Total Interest = ` 3,600 + ` 2,400 + ` 1,200 = ` 7,200.
fdjk;k@foØsrk dh iqLrdsa μ
4.2. (Books of the Hire Vendor)
foØsrk dh iqLrdksa esa fdjk;k Ø; lkSnksa dks vfHkfyf[kr djus ds fofHké fof/k;k¡ gSaA bldk
p;u] csph oLrq ds izdkj o ewY;] lkSnksa dh ek=k] Ø; ds vof/k dh yEckbZ] vkfn ds vuqlkj
fd;k tkrk gSA fofHké fof/k;ksa dh uhps ppkZ dh xbZ gS
—
foØ; fof/k ,d O;olk; tks fd fdjk;k Ø; ij lEcfU/kr cM+h
4.2.1. (Sales Method)—
oLrqvksa dks csprk gS] bl fof/k dks viuk ldrk gSA bl fof/k ds vUrxZr fdjk;k Ø;&foØ; dks
m/kkj foØ; le>k tkrk gSA bldk dsoy ;s viokn gS fd foØsrk fd'rksa esa Hkqxrku Lohdk;Z djus
ds fy, lger gkrs k gS rFkk blds fy;s og C;kt olyw djrk gSA lkekU;r% ,d fo'k"sk nSfud foØ;
iqLrd] fdjk;k Ø; lafonk ds vUrxZr lwph foØ; ds vfHkys[ku gsrq j[kh tkrh gSA o"kZ ds vUr esa
fdjk;k Øsrk ls ns; /kujkf'k fpës esa] fdjk;k Ø; nsunkjksa ds :i esa lEifÙk i{k esa fn[kkbZ tkrh gSA
tuZy izfof"V;k¡
(Journal Entries)
1. When goods are sold and delivered under hire purchase
Hire Purchaser Account Dr. [Full cash price]
To H. P. Sales Account
2. When the down payment is received
Bank Account Dr.
To Hire Purchaser Account
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
397
3. When an instalment becomes due
Hire Purchaser Account Dr.
To Interest Account
4. When the amount of instalment is received
Bank Account Dr.
To Hire Purchaser Account
5. For closing interest Account
Interest Account Dr.
To Profit and Loss Account
6. For closing Hire Purchase Sales Account
H. P. Sales Account Dr.
To Trading Account
bl lEcU/k esa Nk=ksa dks fuEu ij /;ku nsuk pkfg;s
—
fdjk;k Ø; lafonk ds vUrxZr foØ; ij iwjs ykHk dks ftl o"kZ foØ; fd;k x;k
(i)
gS ml o"kZ ds ykHk&gkfu [kkrs esa ØsfMV fd;k tkrk gSA
izR;sd ys[kkadu vof/k ls lEcfU/kr C;kt dks ml o"kZ ds ykHk&gkfu [kkrs esa ØsfMV
(ii)
djuk pkfg;sA
C;kt mPpUr fof/k ;g fof/k Hkh C;kt ds fy;s
4.2.2 (Interest Suspense Method)—
ys[kkadu dks NksM+dj foØ; fof/k dh rjg gh gSA bl fof/k ds vUrxZr fdjk;k Øsrk dks foØ;
ewY; ftlesa lEiw.kZ udn ewY; vkSj C;kt ¼dqy½ lfEefyr gS] ls MsfcV fd;k tkrk gSA fdjk;k
Ø;&foØ; [kkrk o C;kt mPpUr [kkrs dks ØfsMV fd;k tkrk gSA tc fd'r ikzIr gkrs h gS] cdSa [kkrs
dks MfscV ,oa fdjk;k Ø; [kkrs dks ØfsMV fd;k tkrk g]S mlh le; C;kt dh fu;kfstr jkf'k ¼vFkkrZ ~
lEcfU/kr ys[kkadu vof/k ds fy;s C;kt½ dks C;kt mPpUr [kkrs ls gVkdj C;kt [kkrs esa ØsfMV dj
nsrs gSaA vfUre [kkrs rS;kj djrs le;] C;kt dks ykHk&gkfu [kkrs ds ØsfMV esa gLrkarfjr dj fn;k
tkrk gAS C;kt mPpUr [kkrs dh cdk;k jkf'k fdjk;k Ø; nus nkj ls dVkrS h ds :i e]as fpës ea s fn[kk;h
tkrh gSA
tuZy izfof"V;k¡
(Journal Entries)
1. When goods are sold and delivered under hire purchase
Hire Purchase Account Dr. [Full cash price + total
interest]
To H. P. Sales Account [Full cash price]
To Interest Suspense Account [Total Interest]
2. When down payment/instalment is received
Bank Account Dr.
To Hire Purchaser Account
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
398
3. For interest of the relevant accounting period
Interest Suspense Account Dr.
To Interest Account
4. For closing interest Account
Interest Account Dr.
To Profit and Loss Account
5. For closing Hire Purchase Sales Account
H. P. Sales Account Dr.
To Trading Account
lEcfU/kr ikfVZ;ksa ds fpës dks bl rjg izdV fd;k tk,xk
—
fdjk;k Øsrk dk fpëk foØsrk dk fpëk
lEifÙk;k¡ lEifÙk;k¡
LFkk;h lEifÙk;k¡ pkyw lEifÙk;k¡
fdjk;k Ø; ij yh lEifÙk;k¡ fdjk;k Ø; nsunkj
tksM+sa %μC;kt mPpUr [kkrs dk 'ks"k ?kVk,¡ % C;kt mPpUr [kkrs dk 'ks"k
?kVk,¡μ% ewY; Œkl
mnkgj.k
(Illustration) 3
X fyfeVsM us fdjk;k Ø; i)fr ij izR;sd 75,000` ykxr dh 3 feYd oSUl lqij eksVlZ
ls [kjhnhaA Hkqxrku bl izdkj fd;k tkrk Fkk —45,000` rRdky rFkk cdk;k 9% C;kt lfgr 3
leku fd'rksa esaA fy- ?kVrh 'ks"k ij ls ewY; Œkl vifyf[kr djrk gSA og igys o"kZ ds vUr
X 20%
esa fd'r Hkqxrku dj nsrk gS ij vxyh fd'r dk Hkqxrku ugha dj ldkA lqij eksVlZ Øsrk ds ikl
,d feYd osu NksM+us ij bldh nks feYd oSuksa dh ns; jkf'k esa lek;ksftr djus ij lger gks xbZA
feYd oSu dk vifyf[kr eYw ; vk/kkj ij okf"kZd dh nj ls eYw ; Œkl dk ewY;kadu fd;k x;kA
30%
fy- us foØsrk ds ns;ksa dk rhu eghus ckn Hkqxrku dj fn;kA
X
lek/kku
(Solution)
In the Books of X Ltd.
Dr. (`) Cr. (`)
I Year
Milk Vans purchased :
Milk Vans A/c Dr. 2,25,000
To Vendor A/c 2,25,000
On down payment :
Vendor A/c Dr. 45,000
To Bank 45,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
399
I Year end
Interest A/c Dr. 16,200
(` 1,80,000 @ 9%)
To Vendor A/c 16,200
Vendor A/c Dr. 76,200
To Bank A/c 76,200
Depreciation @ 20%
DepreciationA/c Dr. 45,000
To Milk Vans A/c 45,000
II Year end
Depreciation @ 20%
DepreciationA/c Dr. 36,000
To Milk Vans A/c 36,000
Interest A/c Dr. 10,800
(1,20,000 @ 9%)
To Vendor A/c 10,800
Return of goods
Vendor A/c Dr. 73,500
To Milk Vans A/c 73,500
For Loss in Repossession
Profit/Loss A/c Dr. 22,500
To Milk Vans A/c 22,500
IIIrd Year Depreciation
DepreciationA/c Dr. 9,600
To Milk Vans A/c 9,600
Settlement of A/cs
Vendor A/c Dr. 57,300
To Bank 57,300
Milk Vans Account
Year ` Year `
1 To Super Motors A/c 2,25,000 1 end By Depreciation A/c 45,000
1 end By Balance c/d 1,80,000
2,25,000 2,25,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
400
2 To Balance b/d 1,80,000 2 end By Depreciation 36,000
By Super Motors
(value of 2 vans after
depreciation for
2 years @ 30%) 73,500
By P & L A/c
(balancing figure) 22,500
By Balance c/d
(one van less depre-
ciation for 2 years) 48,000
1,80,000 1,80,000
Super Motors Account
Year ` Year `
1 To Bank 45,000 1 By Milk Vans A/c 2,25,000
To Bank 76,200 By Interest @ 9%
To Balance c/d 1,20,000 on ` 1,80,000 16,200
2,41,200 2,41,200
2 To Milk Van A/c 73,500 2 By Balance b/d 1,20,000
To Balance c/d 57,300 By Interest 10,800
1,30,800 1,30,800
3 To Bank 57,300 3 By Balance b/d 57,300
mnkgj.k
(Illustration)4
,d QeZ us fdjk;k Ø; lafonkvksa ds vUrxZr nks VªsDVj fy;sA ftudk fooj.k fuEukafdr
gS μ
—
VªSDVj VªSDVj
A B
Ø; dh frfFk vizSy] vDVwcj]
1 2007 1 2007
` `
udn jkf'k
14,000 19,000
tek
2000 2,680
C;kt ¼vuqcU/k vof/k ij vftZr ekuk x;k½
2,400 2,680
nksukas gh lafonkvksa esa Hkqxrku gsrq pkSchl ekfld fd'rksa esa O;oLFkk gS tksfd [kjhn dh
frfFk ds ckn eghus ds vkf[kjh fnu ls izkjEHk gksxhA lHkh fd'rksa dk Hkqxrku fu/kkZfjr ns; frfFk;ksa
ij fd;k tkuk gSA twu] dks] VªSDVj vkx ls fcYdqy u"V gks x;kA iw.kZ Hkqxrku esa]
30 2008 B 10
tqykbZ] 2008 dks ,d chek dEiuh esa ikfjxzkgh ikWfylh ds vUrxZr 15,000` dk Hkqxrku fd;k
ftlesa ls 10,000` dh jkf'k lafonk ds lekIr djus gsrq fdjk;k Ø; dEiuh dks Hkqxrku dh xbZA
bu lkSnksa ds lEcU/k esa fdjk;k Ø; dEiuh ds [kkrs esa cps 'ks"k dks vifyf[kr fd;k tkrk gSA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
401
QeZ vius [kkrs fnlEcj dks cukrh gS rFkk muesa VªSDVlZ ij LVªsV ykbu fof/k ds vk/kkj
31
ij eYw ; Œkl izfr'kr okf"kZd dh nj ls [kjhn dh frfFk ls fMLiksty dh frfFk rd ds vuqikr
20
esa fudVre 10 ` rd x.kuk NksM+s tkus dh O;oLFkk gSA
vkidks bu lkSnksa dks fuEukafdr [kkrksa esa 'ks"k jkf'k;ksa dks fnlEcj] ls fnlEcj]
31 2007 31
rd uhps ys tkrs gq;s vfHkysf[kr djuk gS %
2008
¼v½ fdjk;k Ø; ij VªSDVlZ]
¼c½ VªSDVjksa ds ewY; Œkl ds fy;s izko/kku]
¼l½ VªSDVjksa dk fMLiksty]
¼n½ fdjk;k Ø; dEiuhA
lek/kku
(Solution)
Hire Purchase Accounts in the Buyer’s Books
Tractors on Hire Purchase A/c
(a)
2007 ` 2007 `
April 1 To HP Co. : Cash price 14,000 Dec. 31 By Balance c/d
Tractor A 14,000
Oct. 1 To HP Co. : Cash price Tractor B 19,000 33,000
Tractor B 19,000
33,000 33,000
2008 ` 2008 `
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d June 30 By Disposal of
Tractor A 14,000 Tractor A/c-Transfer 19,000
Tractor B 19,000 33,000 Dec. 31 By Balance c/d 14,000
33,000 33,000
2009
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 14,000
(b) Provision for Depreciation of Tractors A/c
2007 ` 2007 `
Dec. 31To Balance c/d 3,050 Dec. 31 By P & L A/c :
Tractor A 2,100
Tractor B 950 3,050
3,050 3,050
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
402
2008 ` 2008 `
June 30To Disposal of Tractor Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 3,050
Account—Transfer 2,850 June 30 P & L A/c 1,900
Dec. 31To Balance c/d 4,900 (Depn. for Tractor B)
Dec. 31 P & L A/c 2,800
(Depn. for Tractor A)
7,750 7,750
2009
Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 4,900
(c) Disposal of Tractor A/c
2008 ` 2008 `
June 30To Tractors on hire June 30 By Provision for
purchase—Tractor B 19,000 Depn. of Tractors A/c 2,850
July 10 By Cash : Insurance 15,000
Dec. 31 By P & L A/c : Loss 1,150
19,000 19,000
Hire Purchase Co. A/c
2007 ` 2007 `
April 1 To Cash (deposit April 1 By Tractors on
for Tractor A) 2,000 Hire Purchase A/c :
April To Cash—6 instal- Tractor A 14,000
Sept. ments @ ` 600 3,600 Oct. 1 By Tractors on
Oct. 1 To Cash—deposit Hire Purchase A/c :
for Tractor B 2,680 Tractor B 19,000
Oct. To Cash—3 instal- Dec. 31 By Interest A/c :
Dec. ments @ ` 600 for For Tractor A
Tractor A 1,800 @ ` 100 for
To Cash—3 instal- 9 months ` 900
ments @ ` 800 2,400 For Tractor B
Dec. 31To Balance c/d 21,780 @ ` 120 for
3 months ` 360 1,260
34,260 34,260
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
403
2008 2008
Jan. To Cash—6 instalments Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 21,780
@` 600 for Tractor A 3,600 June 30 By Interest A/c—for
June To Cash—6 instalments Tractor B @ ` 120
@` 800 for Tractor B 4,800 for 6 months 720
July 10 To Cash—Final instalment Dec. 31 By Interest A/c—for
for Tractor B 10,000 Tractor A @ ` 100
July To Cash—6 instalments @ for 12 months 1,200
` 600 for Tractor A 3,600
Dec. To Balance c/d 1,500
To P & L A/c : unpaid
amount 200
23,700 23,700
mnkgj.k
(Illustration) 5
,d e'khujh fdjk;k Ø; ij csph xbZA Hkqxrku dh 'krks± ds vuqlkj Hkqxrku 6,000` dh
pkj okf"kZd fd'rksa esa] tks izR;sd o"kZ dh lekfIr ij lafonk dh frfFk ls vkjEHk gksxh] fd;k tkrk
gSA C;kt 20% dh nj ls tks 6,000` ds okf"kZd Hkqxrku esa 'kkfey gS] olwy fd;k tk,xkA
Øsrk dh iqLrdksa esa e'khujh [kkrk ,oa fdjk;k foØsrk [kkrk fn[kkb;s tks rhljs o"kZ ds
Hkqxrku esa pwd x;k gS rFkk ftl ij ls foØsrk us e'khujh dks okil ys fy;k gSA Øsrk e'khujh
ij okf"kZd ewY; Œkl dk micU/k djrk gSA lHkh dk;Z fVIif.k;k¡ vkids mÙkj dk fgLlk gSaA
10%
lek/kku
(Solution)
Machinery Account
` `
I Yr. To Hire Vendor A/c 15,533 I Yr. By Depreciation A/c 1,553
Balance c/d 13,980
15,533 15,533
II Yr. To Balance b/d 13,980 II Yr. By Depreciation A/c* 1,398
By Balance c/d 12,582
13,980 13,980
III Yr. To Balance b/d 12,582 III Yr. By Depreciation A/c* 1,258
By Hire Vendor 11,000
By Profit & Loss A/c 324
(Loss on Surrender)
12,582 12,582
*It has been assumed that depreciation has been written off on written down value
method. Alternatively, straight line method may be assumed.
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
404
Depreciation has been directly credited to the Machinery Account; It could have been
accumulated in provision for depreciation account.
Hire Vendor Account
` `
I Yr. To Bank A/c 6,000 I Yr. By Machinery A/c 15,533
To Balance c/d 12,639 By Interest A/c 3,106
18,639 18,639
II Yr. To Bank A/c 6,000 II Yr. By Balance b/d 12,639
To Balance c/d 9,167 By Interest A/c 2,528
15,167 15,167
III Yr. To Machinery A/c 11,000 III Yr. By Balance b/d 9,167
(transfer) By Interest A/c 1,833
11,000 11,000
Note: Alternatively, total interest could have been debited to Interest Suspense A/c
and credited to Hire Vendor A/c with consequential changes.
Working Notes :
Instalment Amount Interest Principal
4th Instalment 6,000 ` `
20
Interest 6,000(cid:117) 1,000 1,000 5,000
120
5,000
Add : 3rd Instalment 6,000
11,000
20
Interest 11,000(cid:117) 1,833 1,833 4,167
120
9,167
Add : 2nd Instalment 6,000
15,167
20
Interest 15,167(cid:117) 2,528 2,528 3,472
120
12,639
Add : Ist instalment 6,000
18,639
20
Interest 18,639(cid:117) 3,106 3,106 2,894
120
15,533 8,467 15,533
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
405
mnkgj.k
(Illustration)6
X VªkUliksVZ fy- us 1 tuojh] 2008 dks fnYyh eksVlZ ls 3 VsEiks izR;sd 50,000` ykxr ds
fdjk;k Ø; vk/kkj ij [kjhnsA Hkqxrku 30,000 ` rRdky rFkk cdk;k 'ks"k jkf'k 31.12.2006,
rFkk dks C;kt lfgr leku fd'rkas eas fd;k tkrk gSA ,Dl VªkUlikVs Z
31.12.2007 31.12.2008 9% 3
fy- ?kVrs 'ks"k ij dh nj ls ewY; Œkl vifyf[kr djrk gSA mlus izFke o"kZ ds vUr vFkkZr~
20%
dks nÙk fd'r dk Hkqxrku dj fn;k ij dks vxyh fd'r dk Hkqxrku ugha
31.12.2006 31.12.2007
dj ldkA fnYyh eksVlZ dks Øsrk ds ikl ,d VSEiks NksM+us dks bl 'krZ ij rS;kj gq, fd
11.1.2008
vU; nks VSEiks dk eYw ; dks n;s eYw ; eas lek;kfstr dj fn;k tk,xkA VSEiks dk eYw ;kda u
31.12.2007
okf"kZd ewY; Œkl ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;kA ,Dl VªkUliksVZ d- dh iqLrdksa esa o"kZ
30% 2006, 2007
rFkk ds fy;s vko';d [kkrs n'kkZb;sA
2008
lek/kku
(Solution)
X Transport Ltd.
Tempo Account
Dr. Cr.
2006 ` 2006 `
Jan. 1 To Delhi Motors 1,50,000 Dec. 31 By Depreciation A/c :
20% on 1,50,000 30,000
By Balance c/d 1,20,000
1,50,000 1,50,000
2007 2007
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 1,20,000 Dec. 31 By Depreciation A/c 24,000
By Delhi Motors A/c
(Value of 2 tempos
taken away) 49,000
By Profit and Loss
A/c (balancing
figure) 15,000
By Balance c/d (Value
of one tempo left) 32,000
1,20,000 1,20,000
2008 2008
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 32,000 Dec. 31 By Depreciation A/c 6,400
By Balance b/d 25,600
32,000 32,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
406
Delhi Motors Account
2006 ` 2006 `
Jan. 1 To Bank (Down Payment) 30,000 Jan. 1 By Tempos A/c 1,50,000
Dec. 31 To Bank 50,800 Dec. 31 By Interest (9% on
To Balance c/d 80,000 ` 1,20,000) 10,800
1,60,800 1,60,800
2007 2007
Jan. 1 To Tempo 49,000 Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 80,000
Dec. 31 To Balance c/d 38,200 Dec. 31 By Interest (9%
on` 80,000) 7,200
87,200 87,200
2008 ` 2008 `
Dec. 31 To Bank 41,638 Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 38,200
Dec. 31 By Interest (9% on
` 38,200) 3,438
41,638 41,638
Alternative Method
Tempo Account
2006 ` 2006 `
Jan. 1 To Bank A/c (down Dec. 31 By Depreciation
payment) 30,000 @ 20% on
Dec. 31 To Delhi Motors A/c ` 1,50,000 30,000
(Ist instalment) 40,000 By Balance c/d 40,000
70,000 70,000
2007 ` 2007 `
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 40,000 Dec. 31 By Depreciation A/c 24,000
Dec. 31 To Delhi Motors A/c By Profit & Loss A/c
creating a liability for (balancing figure) 22,200
` 38,200, amount due By Balance c/d
(see 1st method) 38,200 (Value of tempo left) 32,000
78,200 78,200
2008 ` 2008 `
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 32,000 Dec. 31 By Depreciation A/c 6,400
By Balance b/d 25,600
32,000 32,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
407
Delhi Motors
2006 ` 2006 `
Dec. 31 To Bank A/c 50,800 Dec. 31 By Tempo A/c 40,000
By Interest A/c 10,800
50,800 50,800
2007 ` 2007 `
Dec. 31 To Balance c/d 38,200 Dec. 31 By Tempos A/c 38,200
2008 2008
Dec. 31 To Bank A/c 41,638 Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 38,200
Dec. 31 By Interest (9% on
` 38,200) 3,438
41,638 41,638
Working Notes :
(1) Value of a Tempo left with the buyer :
`
Cost 50,000
Depreciation @ 20% p.a. under WDV method for
2 years i.e. ` 10,000 + ` 8,000 18,000
Value of the Tempo left with the buyer at the end of 2nd year 32,000
(2) Value of Tempos taken away by the seller :
No. of tempos : Two
`
Cost` 50,000 × 2 = 1,00,000
Depreciation @ 30%
Under WDV method for 2 years i.e. ` 30,000 + ` 21,000 51,000
Value of tempos taken away at the end of 2nd year 49,000
mnkgj.k
(Illustration)7
eS- fnYyh bysDVªkWfuDl fdjk;k Ø; vk/kkj ij jaxhu VSyhfotu csprs gSa ftudk izfr lSV
ykxr ewY; 14,000`] udn fcØh ewY; 15,500` vkSj fdjk;k Ø; foØ; ewY; 16,800 gS tks
izR;sd ekg dh rkjh[k ns; ekfld fd'rksa esa gSA fQj Hkh [kjhnnkj dks Ø; ds le;
10 12 1,800
` dk rRdky Hkqxrku djuk gksrk gSA 2008 esa fdjk;k Ø; lkSns ¼lsVksa dh la[;k½ — tuojh 10,
Qjojh ekpZ vizSy ebZ twu tqykbZ vxLr flrEcj vDVcw j
12, 10, 12, 10, 10, 10, 15, 11, 20,
uoEcj fnlEcj A
20, 10
eku ysa fd leLr fd'rsa fu/kkZfjr ns; frfFk ij izkIr gks xb±] vko';d tuZy izfof"V;k¡
fn[kkb;sA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
408
lek/kku
(Solution)
Various relevant accounting information in relation to hire purchase transactions are
computed as follows :
Total No. of Transactions : 150
Cash down : ` 1,800 × 150 = ` 2,70,000
Instalments Collected/Due
Transactions No. of Instalments collected No. of Instalments Due
Jan. 10 × 11 = 110 10 × 1 = 10
Feb. 12 × 10 = 120 12 × 2 = 24
March 10 × 9 = 90 10 × 3 = 30
April 12 × 8 = 96 12 × 4 = 48
May 10 × 7 = 70 10 × 5 = 50
June 10 × 6 = 60 10 × 6 = 60
July 10 × 5 = 50 10 × 7 = 70
Aug. 15 × 4 = 60 15 × 8 = 120
Sept. 11 × 3 = 33 11 × 9 = 99
Oct. 20 × 2 = 40 20 × 10 = 200
Nov. 20 × 1 = 20 20 × 11 = 220
Dec. 10 × 0 = 10 10 × 12 = 120
150 749 150 1051
Check :
Total Instalments for 150 hire purchase transactions are 1800. (150 × 12) of which
749 instalments fell due and collected and the balance 1051 instalments are not yet paid.
Amount collected for 749 instalments
`16,800–`1,800
= (cid:117)749(cid:32)`9,36,250
12
Amount not yet due
`16,800–`1,800
(cid:32) ×1,051=`13,13,750
12
Cash Down = ` 2,70,000
Total (` 16,800 × 150)= ` 25,20,000
Hire Vendor should recognise the amount of instalments collected and cash value (i.e.
` 2,70,000 + ` 9,36,250)` 12,06,250 as sale. Balance ` 13,13,750 is value of goods lying
with the customer at hire purchase price. Stock Reserve should be computed and deducted
from such amount to show the Hire Purchase Stock at cost.
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
409
Cost
Goods lying with Hire Purchaser at Hire Purchase Price ×
HirePurchasePrice
`14,000
Stock at cost = ` 13,13,750 ×
`16,800
=` 10,94,792
Stock Reserve = (` 13,13,750 – 10,94,792) = ` 2,18,958
Journal Entries
` `
(1) For Cash down at the Cash/Bank/A/c Dr. 2,70,000
time of hire transaction To Hire Purchase Sale A/c 2,70,000
(2) When instalments Instalment Due A/c Dr. 9,36,250
fall due To Hire Purchase Sales 9,36,250
(3) On collection of Cash/Bank A/c Dr. 9,36,250
instalments To Instalment Due A/c 9,36,250
(4) For instalment not Hire Purchase Stock A/c Dr. 13,13,750
due at the year To Trading A/c 13,13,750
(5) For Stock Reserve Stock Reserve A/c Dr. 2,18,958
To Hire Purchase Stock A/c 2,18,958
If some instalments become due but not collected at the year end, such would appear
in the Balance Sheet as an asset just like Sundry Debtors.
nsunkj fof/k
5.
(DEBTORS METHOD)
bl fof/k ds vUrxZr fdjk;k Ø; O;kikfjd [kkrk cuk;k tkrk gSA
fdjk;k Ø; O;kikfjd [kkrs dks rS;kj djus dk mís'; gS fdjk;k Ø; Hkkoksa ds ykHk dk
vyx ls vkadyu djukA ge ns[ksaxs fd dSls fdjk;k Ø; O;kikfjd [kkrk rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA
fdjk;k Ø; fcØh [kkrs esa ns; gqbZ fd'rksa vkSj lHkh rRdky Hkqxrku dks] ØsfMV
1.
fd;k tkrk gSA fdjk;k Ø;&foØ; [kkrs ds cdk;k dks fdjk;k Ø; O;kikfjd [kkrs
esa gLrkarfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
lHkh lkSnksa dh ykxr dks fdjk;k Ø; O;kikfjd [kkrs esa gLrkarfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
2.
dksbZ Hkh fo'ks"k O;;ksa dks fdjk;k Ø; O;kikfjd [kkrs esa izHkkfjr djrs gSaA
3.
ns; u gqbZ fd'rksa dks xzkgdksa ds ikl iM+k gqvk jgfr;k ekuk tkrk gS rFkk fdjk;k
4.
Ø; O;kikfjd [kkrs esa gLrkarfjr dj fn;k tkrk gSA
mfpr LVkWd lap; izHkkfjr djuk pkfg;sA
5.
mnkgj.k
(Illustration) 8
mnkgj.k& esa nh xbZ lwpuk ds vk/kkj ij fdjk;k Ø; O;kikj [kkrk cukb;sA
6
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
410
lek/kku
(Solution)
Hire Purchase Trading A/c
` `
To Shop Stock 21,00,000 By Hire Purchase
(14,000 × 150) Sales A/c 12,06,250
To Stock Reserve 2,18,948 By Stock (with
To Profit-transferred customers)—at hire
to P & L A/c 2,01,042 purchase price 13,13,750
25,20,000 25,20,000
mnkgj.k
(Illustration)9
eS- okbZ ,.M da- ykxr esa tksM+dj fdjk;k Ø; vk/kkj ij eky csprs gSaA
50%
fuEukafdr leadksa ds fdjk;k Ø; O;kikfjd [kkrk cukb;s — `
tuojh] esa xzkgdksa ds ikl eky ftu ij fd'r vHkh rd ns; ugha gSa
2008 5,400
ds nkSjku fdjk;k Ø; ij cspk x;k eky
2008 25,500
ds nkSjku xzkgdksa ls udn izkfIr
2008 20,100
xzkgdksa }kjk Hkqxrku dh tkus okyh fd'r
tks ns; gks xbZ ij vHkh rd izkIr ugha gqbZ
1,800
lHkh vk¡dM+s fdjk;k Ø; ewY; ds vk/kkj ij gSaA
lek/kku
(Solution)
Hire-Purchase Trading Account for the year ending 31st Dec., 2008
Dr. Cr.
` `
To Stock with Customers on By Cash 20,100
1-1-2008 at hire purchase ” Instalments due 1,800
price 5,400 ” Goods sold on Hire
” Goods sold on Hire- Purchase A/c : loading 8,500
Purchase A/c 25,500 ” Stock Reserve (Opening) 1,800
” Stock Reserve required 3000 ” Stock with customers 9,000*
” Profit & Loss A/c 7,300
41,200 41,200
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
411
*Stock with Customers on 31-12-2008 `
Instalment not due on 1-1-2008 5,400
Goods sold on H.P. 25,500
30,900
Less: Cash received 20,100
Instalments due 1,800 21,900
9,0000
dqy udn ewY; dk fu/kkZj.k
6.
(ASCERTAINMENT OF TOTAL CASH PRICE)
ge tkurs gSa fd fdjk;k Øsrk dh iqLrdksa esa ys[kkadu dk vk/kkj dqy udn ewY; gSA
dHkh&dHkh dqy udn eYw ; ugha Hkh fd;k tk ldrkA rc dqy udn eYw ; fu/kkZj.k ds mí's ; ds fy;s
ge t:jr ds vuqlkj fuEu esa ls dksbZ Hkh fof/k dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa μ
—
dqy udn ewY; dh x.kuk djuk tc okf"kZd lkfj.kh u nh xbZ gksA
(1)
dqy udn ewY; dh x.kuk djuk tc okf"kZd lkfj.kh nh xbZ gksA
(2)
dqy udn ewY; Kkr djuk tc okf"kZd lkfj.kh u nh xbZ gks
7.
(CALCULATION OF TOTAL CASH PRICE WHEN THE ANNUITY
TABLE IS NOT GIVEN)
bl fof/k esa] loZizFke vfUre fd'r esa 'kkfey C;kt dh x.kuk mi;qä lw= ¼uhps Li"V
fd;k x;k gS½ dh enn ls dh tkrh gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy;s] ,d fdjk;k Ø; lkSns esa] rRdky Hkqxrku ls vyx] pkj vU; fd'rsa ns;
gSa] C;kt dh x.kuk igys fd'r ij] fQj fd'r ij] fQj fd'r ij vkSj vkf[kjh esa
4th 3rd 2nd 1st
fd'r ij dh tk,xhA rRdky Hkqxrku ij C;kt 'kwU; gksxkA
bl lEcU/k esa] ;s /;ku nsuk pkfg;s fd C;kt dh jkf'k fd'r dh vis{kk fd'r esa]
4th 3rd
fd'r dh vis{kk fd'r esa rFkk fd'r dh vis{kk fd'r esa c<+rh pyh tk,xhA
3rd 2nd 2nd 1st
ge tkurs gSa fd C;kt dh x.kuk udn ewY; ds vnÙk 'ks"k ij dh tkrh gSA
bl ekeys esa ge fdjk;k Ø; ewY; ij dqy ns; jkf'k dh lgk;rk ls C;kt Kkr djsaxs] tc
udn ewY; Kkr ugha gSA C;kt dh x.kuk ds iz;kstu ds fy;s fuEu pj.k viukus pkfg;s
—
igyk pj.k fuEu lw= dh lgk;rk ls ns; jkf'k vkSj C;kt ds chp vuqikr dh x.kuk
—
djuk
—
C;kt dh nj
C;kt ,oa cdk;k jkf'k dk vuqikr
= C;kt dh nj
100(cid:14)
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
412
nwljk pj.k fuEu lw= ds iz;ksx }kjk vfUre fd'r esa 'kkfey C;kt dh x.kuk djsa
— —
C;kt fd'r ds le; dqy ns; jkf'k C;kt ,oa ns; jkf'k dk vuqikr
= ×
¼izFke pj.k esa x.kuk fd;k gqvk½
rhljk pj.k vkf[kjh fd'r ds le; vnÙk udn ewY; dh jkf'k dks ikus ds fy;s bl
—
fd'r ls C;kt ¼pj.k& esa x.kuk fd;k gqvk½ dks ?kVk,aA
2
pkSFkk pj.k rhljs o"kZ dh lekfIr ij ns; fd'r dh jkf'k esa udn ewY; jkf'k tksM+saA
—
ik¡poka pj.k lEiw.kZ jkf'k fd'r esa 'kkfey udn ewY; fd'r dh jkf'k½ ij
— (4th + 3rd
C;kt dh x.kuk djsaA
NBk pj.k nwljs o"kZ ds vUr esa ns; fd'r dh jkf'k esa ikaposa pj.k esa x.kuk fd;s x;s
—
udn ewY; dks tksM+saA
lkrok¡ pj.k NBs pj.k esa izkIr lEiw.kZ tksM+ ij C;kt dh x.kuk djsaA fd'r ds
— 2nd
le; vnÙk udn ewY; ikus ds fy;s nwljs o"kZ dh lekfIr ij dqy ns;
jkf'k ls bl C;kt dks ?kVk,aA
vkBok¡ pj.k o"kZ ds vUr esa ns; fd'r dh jkf'k esa lkrosa pj.k esa x.kuk fd;s x;s
—1st
udn ewY; dks tksM+saxsA
ukSok¡ pj.k vkBosa pj.k esa izkIr gq, lEiw.kZ tksM+ ij C;kt dh x.kuk djsaA izFke fd'r
—
ds le; vnÙk udn eYw ; dks ikus ds fy;s iFz ke o"kZ ds vUr ea s n;s dyq jkf'k
ls bl C;kt dks ?kVk,¡A
nlok¡ pj.k rRdky Hkxq rku dh jkf'k] ;fn dkbs Z g]S ukoS a s pj.k ea s x.kuk fd;s x;s udn eYw ;
—
esa tksM+saA
mnkgj.k
(Illustration)10
, ,.M d- us fdjk;k Ø; i)fr ij ,d Vªd [kjhnkA 'krZ ds eqrkfcd mls 70,000 `
rRdky] 53,000` izFke o"kZ dh lekfIr ij] 49,000` f}rh; o"kZ dh lekfIr ij vkSj 55,000`
rhljs o"kZ dh lekfIr ij Hkqxrku djuk vko';d gSA C;kt izfr o"kZ izHkkfjr fd;k tkrk
10%
gSA
vkidks Vªd dk dqy udn ewY; rFkk izR;sd fd'r ds lkFk Hkqxrku fd;s x;s C;kt dh
x.kuk djuh gSA
lek/kku
(Solution)
Rateof interest 10 1
(1) Ratio of interest and amount due = = =
100+Rateof interest 110 11
(2) Calculation of Interest and Cash Price
No. of Amount due at the Interest Cash price
instalments time of instalment
[1] [2] [3] [4]
3rd 55,000 1/11 of ` 55,000 = ` 5,000 50,000
2nd *99,000 1/11 of ` 99,000 = ` 9,000 90,000
1st **1,43,000 1/11 of ` 1,43,000 = ` 13,000 1,30,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
413
Total cash price = ` 1,30,000 + ` 70,000 (down payment) = ` 2,00,000.
*` 50,000 + 2nd instalment of ` 49,000 = ` 99,000.
**` 90,000 + 1st instalment of ` 53,000 = ` 1,43,000.
C;kt dk fu/kkZj.k
8.
(ASCERTAINMENT OF INTEREST)
ge tkurs gSa fd fdjk;k Ø; ewY; esa nks rRoksa dk lekos'k gksrk gS udn ewY; vkSj
—(i)
C;ktA udn ewY; ,d lEifÙk ds vf/kxzg.k dks izkIr djus ds fy;s fd;k x;k iwathxr O;;
(ii)
gSA C;kt iwoZ Hkqxrku nsj esa djus ds fy;s fd;k x;k vk;xr O;; gSA nksuksa esa ls fdlh dk Hkh
fu/kkZj.k vU; ds fy;s mÙkj gksrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] ;fn C;kt dh dqy jkf'k dk fu/kkZj.k djsa rks
ml n'kk esa fdjk;k Ø; ewY; ls C;kt ?kVkdj udn ewY; dk fu/kkZj.k vR;Ur ljyrk ls dj
ldrs gSaA
C;kt vnÙk jkf'k ij izHkkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA blfy;s ;fn fdjk;k Øsrk lafonk ij
gLrk{kj dj rRdky Hkqxrku djrk gS] mlesa dksbZ C;kt jkf'k 'kkfey ugha gksxhA ;s /;ku nsuk
pkfg;s fd fdjk;k Ø; vuqcU/k dh fd'r leku gks ldrh gSa] ysfdu izR;sd fd'r esa C;kt rRo
leku ugha gksrkA C;kt dh x.kuk ds le;] Nk= fuEu nks fLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk dj ldrs gSa
—
¼v½ tc udn ewY;] C;kt dh nj vkSj fd'r dh jkf'k nh gks] vkSj
¼c½ tc udn ewY; rFkk fd'r dh jkf'k nh gks] ysfdu C;kt dh nj ugha nh gksA
vc ge mi;qZä nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa ij ppkZ djsaxsA
tc udn ewY;] C;kt dh nj vkSj fd'r dh jkf'k nh gks
8.1 (When the cash
price, rate of interest and the amount of instalments are given)
bl fLFkfr esa] loZizFke C;kt dh dqy jkf'k dk fu/kkZj.k djuk gksrk gSA ;g fdjk;k Ø;
ewY; ¼rRdky Hkqxrku dqy fd'rsa½ rFkk udn ewY; dk vUrj gSA izR;sd fd'r esa 'kkfey C;kt
+
dh jkf'k dh x.kuk ds fy;s fuEu pj.k viukrs gSa
—
pj.k udn ewY; ls rRdky Hkqxrku dks ?kVk,¡] cps gq, 'ks"k ij nh xbZ nj ls C;kt
1.
Kkr djsaA ;s jkf'k izFke fd'r esa 'kkfey C;kt dks iznf'kZr djrh gSA
pj.k izFke fd'r dh jkf'k ls izFke pj.k ds C;kt dks ?kVk,¡A ifj.kkeh la[;k izFke
2.
fd'r esa 'kkfey udn ewY; gSA
pj.k rRdky Hkqxrku ds ckn cps gq, ns; ls izFke fd'r dk udn ewY; ¼nwljs pj.k
3.
ls½ ?kVk,¡A
pj.k izFke fd'r ds ckn vnÙk 'ks"k ij nh xbZ nj ls C;kt dh x.kuk djsaA nwljh
4.
fd'r esa tqM+s udn ewY; dks ikus ds fy;s nwljh fd'r dh jkf'k ls bl C;kt dks
?kVk,¡A
pj.k izFke fd'r ds ckn ns; 'ks"k ls nwljh fd'r ds udn ewY; ¼rhljs pj.k ls½ dks
5.
?kVk,¡A ;g nwljh fd'r ds Hkqxrku ds ckn vnÙk jkf'k dks iznf'kZr djrh gSA
mijksä pj.kksa dks vfUre fd'r Hkqxrku djus rd nksgjkrs jgsaA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
414
tc udn ewY; vkSj fd'rksa dh jkf'k nh gks] ysfdu C;kt dh nj ugha nh gks
8.2
(When the cash price and the amount of instalments are given, but the rate of
interest is not given)
tc C;kt dh nj ugha nh gks] ysfdu udn ewY; ,oa fd'rksa dh jkf'k nh gks] fuEu pj.k
viukdj C;kt dh x.kuk djrs gSa—
pj.k fdjk;k Ø; ewY; rRdky Hkqxrku fd'r dh jkf'k fd'rksa dh la[;k½
1. (i.e. + ×
ls udn ewY; ?kVkus ds ckn dqy C;kt dh x.kuk djsaA
pj.k fdjk;k Ø; ewY; ls rRdky Hkqxrku ?kVk,aA
2.
pj.k izR;sd o"kZ ds pkyw esa fdjk;k Ø; ewY; ds vnÙk 'ks"k dh jkf'k dh x.kuk
3.
dhft;sA
pj.k pj.k ds vnÙk 'ks"k ds vuqikr dh x.kuk djsaA
4. 3
pj.k pj.k ds vuqikr ds vk/kkj ij izR;sd fd'r dh C;kt dh jkf'k dh x.kuk
5. 4
djsaA
iquLokZfeRo
9.
(REPOSSESSION)
,d fdjk;k Ø; vuqcU/k esa fdjk;k Øsrk dks eky dk LokfeRo izkIr djus ds fy;s vfUre
fd'r rd dk Hkqxrku djuk gksrk gSA ;fn fdjk;k Øsrk dksbZ ,d fd'r ds Hkqxrku esa Hkh
vlQy jgrk gS] rks fdjk;k foØsrk iwoZ Hkqxrku dh okilh ds cxSj gh fdjk;k Øsrk ls] okLrfod
:i esa lEifÙk okil ys ysrk gSA fd'rksa o rRdky Hkqxrku ds :i esa fdjk;k Øsrk ls izkIr jkf'k
dks fdjk;k foØsrk }kjk fdjk;k izHkkj ekuk tkrk gSA lEifÙk ds LokfeRo dh olwyh dh dk;Zokgh
iquLokZfeRo en gSA
iquLokZfeRok/khu lEifÙk dks ejEer vFkok Bhd djkus ¼;fn vko';d gks½ ds ckn fdlh
vU; xzkgd dks csp nh tkrh gSA iquLokZfeRok/khu lEifÙk ls lEcfU/kr ys[kkadu vk¡dM+ksa dh
izfof"V lkekU; fdjk;k Ø; izfof"V ls vyx dh tkrh gSA iquLokZfeRo ds ys[ks rc ,d vyx
^^eky iquLokZfeRo [kkrs** esa ys[kkafdr fd;s tkrs gSaA
tgk¡ rd lEifÙk;ksa ds iquLokZfeRo dk lEcU/k gS fdjk;k foØsrk] ikfVZ;ksa ds chp vuqcU/k
ij fuHkZj gksus ls lEiw.kZ lEifÙk ;k mlds Hkkx dks okil ys ldrk gSA igys Hkkx dks iw.kZ
iquLokZfeRo rFkk ckn okys dks vkaf'kd iquLokZfeRo dgrs gSaA
lEiw.kZ iquLokZfeRo
9.1 (Complete Repossession)
fdjk;k foØsrk] fdjk;k Øsrk [kkrs dh 'ks"k jkf'k dks eky iquLokZfeRo [kkrs esa gLrkUrfjr
dj fdjk;k Øsrk [kkrs dks cUn dj nsrk gSA
fdjk;k Øsrk] fdjk;k foØsrk [kkrs ds 'ks"k dks fdjk;k Ø; lEifÙk [kkrs esa gLrkarfjr dj
fdjk;k foØsrk [kkrs dks cUn dj nsrk gS rFkk fQj lEifÙk iquLokZfeRo [kkrs ij ykHk vkSj gkfu
dks Kkr djrk gSA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
415
fooj.k fdjk;k Øsrk fdjk;k foØsrk
dh iqLrd esa dh iqLrd esa
Purchase/sale Asset A/c ...Dr. Hire Purchase A/c ...Dr.
To Hire Vendor A/c To Sales A/c
Instalment Hire Vendor A/c ...Dr. Cash A/c ...Dr.
To Cash A/c To Hire Vendor A/c
Interest Interest A/c ...Dr. Hire Purchaser A/c ...Dr.
To Hire Vendor A/c To Interest A/c
Repossession Hire Vendor A/c ...Dr. Goods Repossessed A/c...Dr.
To Assets A/c To Hire Purchaser
vkaf'kd iquLokZfeRo
9.2 (Partial Repossession)
vkaf'kd iquLokZfeRo ds ekeys esa] fdjk;k foØsrk }kjk lEifÙk ds dsoy ,d Hkkx dks gh
okil fy;k tkrk gS vkSj vU; Hkkx fdjk;k Øsrk ds ikl gh NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA tuZy izfof"V;k¡
lkekU; :i ls nksuksa ikfVZ;ksa dh iqLrdksa esa pwd dh frfFk ,d ¼Hkqxrku lEcU/kh izfof"V dks
NksM+dj½ dh tkrh gSaA
vHkh Hkh lEifÙk dk dqN Hkkx fdjk;k Øsrk ds LokfeRo esa gksus ds dkj.k nksuksa ikVhZ viuh
lEcfU/kr iqLrdksa esa nwljh ikVhZ dk [kkrk cUn ugha djrs gSaA
iquLokZfeRo lEifÙk;k¡ okLrfod lgefr ewY; ij ¼Œkl dh lgefr nj ij vk/kkfjr tks fd
c<+h gqbZ gksxh½ dh tkrh gSA fdjk;k foØsrk eky iquLokZfeRo [kkrk MsfcV ¼uke½ djrk gS vkSj
fdjk;k Ø; [kkrs dks lgefr }kjk iquLokZfeRo ds ewY; ij ØsfMV ¼tek½ djrk gSA
blh rjg fdjk;k Øsrk fdjk;k foØsrk [kkrs dks MsfcV rFkk mlh ewY; ls lEifÙk [kkrs dks
ØsfMV djrk gSA ;fn iquLokZfeRo ewY; lEifÙk ds iqLrdh; ewY; ls de gksrk gS rks vUrj ¼leiZ.k
gkfu½ dks fdjk;k Ø; ds ykHk&gkfu [kkrs esa izHkkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA fdjk;k o Øsrk ds ikl
lEifÙk ds cps gq, Hkkx ds fy;s og ¼fdjk;k Øsrk½ izpfyr nj ls Œkl yxk,xk vkSj lEifÙk dks
vifyf[kr djds n'kkZ;k tk,xkA
mnkgj.k
(Illustration)11
fuEukafdr ls eS- dydÙkk VªsMlZ dk fdjk;k Ø; O;kikj [kkrk crkb;s tks eky dks fdjk;k
Ø; i)fr vk/kkj ij ykxr ewY; ls vf/kd ij csprs gSa
25% —
ij ns; u gqbZ fd'rsa
31–12–2007 3,00,000
ds nkSjku ns; rFkk olwy gqbZ fd'rsa
2008
8,00,000
ds nkSjku ns; ysfdu olwy u gks ikus okyh
2008
fd'rsa ftuesa 10,000` 'kkfey gSa ftlds fy;s lkeku
iquLokZfeRo esa okil fy;k x;k
50,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
416
31–12–2008 rd ns; ugha gqbZ fd'rsa ftuesa 20,000`
'kkfey gSa ftlds fy;s eky iquLokZfeRo esa okil fy;k x;k
rFkk iquLokZfeRo esa fy;s LdU/k ij fd'rsa olwy dh xbZ
37,000
eS- dydÙkk VªsMlZ ds iquLokZfeRo ds LVkWd dk iquewZY;kadu
eyw ykxr ds ij fd;k x;k
60% 15,000
lek/kku
(Solution)
Working Notes :
(1) Hire Purchase Sales :
`
Instalments due and collected 8,00,000
Add : Instalments due but not collected 50,000
(2) Loss on Repossessed stock : 8,50,000
Hire Purchase Price of Repossessed Stock
Instalments Collected 15,000
Instalments Due 10,000
Instalments Not Due 20,000
45,000
100
Cost` 45,000 × 36,000
125
60
Valuation on repossession `36,000 × 21,600
100
Cost of instalments due + Instalments not yet due 24,000
100
(` 10,000 + 20,000) ×
125
Loss (` 24,000 – ` 21,600) 2,400
(3) Goods taken from shop stock at cost :
H. P. Sales at cost [8,50,000 × 100/125] 6,80,000
Stock with customers 31.12.2008 at cost 2,80,000
(cid:170)`3,00,000× 100(cid:186)
(cid:171)
(cid:172)
125(cid:187)
(cid:188)
9,60,000
Less : Stock with customers 31.12.2007 at Cost 2,40,000
(cid:170)`3,00,000× 100(cid:186)
7,20,000
(cid:171)
(cid:172)
125(cid:187)
(cid:188)
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
417
(4) Bad Debt :
Instalment due but not collected 10,000
Instalment not yet due at cost 16,000
(cid:170)`20,000× 100(cid:186)
(cid:171)
(cid:172)
125(cid:187)
(cid:188)
26,000
Less : Cost of instalments due and instalments not yet due 24,000
2,000
Hire Purchase Trading A/c
` `
To Goods with customers at By Hire Purchase Sale 8,50,000
cost (31.12.2007) 2,40,000 By Goods with customers at
To Shop Stock 7,20,000 cost (31.12.2008) 2,80,000
To Bad Debt 2,000
To Loss on Repossession 2,400
To Profit & Loss A/c
Transfer of H. P. Profit 1,65,600
11,30,000 11,30,000
LdU/k ,oa nsunkj fof/k
10.
(STOCK AND DEBTORS METHOD)
bl fof/k ds vUrxZr fdjk;k Ø; LdU/k [kkrk] fdjk;k Ø; lek;kstu [kkrk cuk;k tkrk
gS] bl lEcU/k esa fuEukafdr izfof"V;k¡ dh tkrh gSa
—
(i) When goods are sold on hire purchase
Hire purchase stock A/c Dr. Full H. P. Price
To Stock A/c Actual cost price
To Hire Purchase Adjustment A/c
(Being the difference between cost and H. P. price)
(ii) When instalments become due for payment
Hire purchase Debtors A/c Dr.
To Hire purchase Stock A/c
(iii) When cash is received
CashA/c Dr.
To Hire Purchase Debtors A/c
(iv) Stock Reserve on opening Stock
Stock Reserve A/c Dr.
To Hire Purchase Adjustment A/c
(v) Stock Reserve on closing Stock
Hire Purchase Adjustment A/c Dr.
To Stock Reserve A/c
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
418
fdjk;k Ø; nsunkj [kkrs esa izkjfEHkd 'ks"k esa fdjk;k Ø; ij csph xbZ oLrqvksa ij ns;
fd'r MsfcV i{k esa vkSj lkjh udn izkfIr;ka] vfUre 'ks"k jkf'k ØsfMV i{k esa n'kkZ;h tk,xhA
o"kZ ds nkSjku tks oLrq,¡ fdjk;k Ø; ij csph xbZ gSa mudk ewY; rFkk fdjk;k Ø; LdU/k
[kkrs dh izkjfEHkd 'ks"k jkf'k MsfcV i{k esa rFkk nsunkjksa ij ns; fd'r jkf'k rFkk vfUre 'ks"k
ØsfMV i{k esa 'kkfey fd;s tk,¡xsA LdU/k ewY;ksa dks fdjk;k Ø; ewY; ¼vFkkZr~ ykxr fdjk;k
+
fcØh ij ykHk½ ij vfHkfyf[kr fd;k tk,xkA
fdjk;k Ø; lek;kstu [kkrs ds vUrxZr 'kkfey fd;s tkus okys LdU/k lap; dh jkf'k
izkjfEHkd ,oa vfUre LdU/k ij Øe'k% ØsfMV ,oa MsfcV dh tk,xhA rRi'pkr bl [kkrs fdjk;k
Ø; ij csps x, eky ij Hkkj rRo ¼ykHk dks½ dks ØsfMV fd;k tk,xk ;g [kkrk vftZr ykHk dks
n'kkZ,xk tks fd fdjk;k Ø; }kjk vftZr fd;k x;k gksxkA
mnkgj.k
(Illustration)12
oh- th- fyfeVsM dk fdjk;k Ø; foHkkx Vsyhfotu o :e dwyj dh fcØh djrk gSA
Vsyhfotu :e dwyj
` `
ykxr
5,400 2,000
udn ewY;
6,300 2,400
udn rRdky Hkqxrku
900 400
ekfld fd'r
600 200
fd'rksa dh la[;k
10 12
o"kZ ds nkSjku fdjk;k Ø; vk/kkj ij Vsyhfotu lsV rFkk :e dwylZ csps x,A
100 120
nks Vsyhfotu lsVksa ftu ij dsoy fd'rsa olwy dh tk ldha rFkk :e dyw j ftu ij fd'rsa
3 4 5
olwy dh tk ldha] iquLokZfeRo esa ys fy;s x,A budh dher 10,000` ewY;kafdr dh xb± rFkk
1,000` iqu% ejEer dh ykxr yxkus ds ckn bls 14,000` esa csp fn;k x;kA vU; olwy gqbZ
fd'rsa rFkk tks ns; gks xbZ gSa ¼xzkgdksa dks vHkh rd Hkqxrku djuk gS½] Øe'k% fuEu gSa
—
Vsyhfotu lSV vkSj
270 20
:e dyw j vkSj
400 30
foHkkx dk ykHk fn[kkus ds fy, LVkWd ,oa nsunkj fof/k ij [kkrs cukb;sA
lek/kku
(Solution)
B. G. Limited
Hire Purchase Stock A/c
` `
To Goods sold on H. P. 10,26,000 By H. P. Debtors A/c 4,05,600
By Goods Repossessed A/c
(Instalments not due on
repossessed goods) 14,000
By Balance c/d
(Instalment not yet due) 6,06,400
10,26,000 10,26,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
419
Hire Purchase Debtors A/c
To Hire Purchase Stock A/c 4,05,600 By Bank A/c 3,87,600
By Balance c/d 18,000
4,05,600 4,05,600
Goods Repossessed A/c
To Hire Purchase Stock A/c 14,000 By Hire Purchase Adjustment A/c
(Balancing Figure) 4,000
By Balance c/d 10,000
14,000 14,000
To Balance b/d 10,000 By Bank (Sales) 14,000
To Bank (Exp.) 1,000
To Hire Purchase Adjustment A/c
(Profit) 3,000
14,000 14,000
Goods sold on Hire Purchase A/c
To Hire Purchase By Hire Purchase Stock A/c 10,26,000
To Adjustment A/c (loading) 2,46,000
To Profit 7,80,000
10,26,000 10,26,000
Hire Purchase Adjustment A/c
Goods repossessed A/c (Loss) 4,000 By Goods sold on Hire
To Stock Reserve 1,44,971 Purchase (Loading) 2,46,000
To Profit 1,00,029 By Goods Repossessed
(Profit on sale) 3,000
2,49,000 2,49,000
Working Notes :
(i) Hire Purchase Price is `6,900 for each television set and `2,800 for each room
cooler. Total cost and sales on this basis are as follows :
H. P. Price Cost
` `
Television sets (100) 6,90,000 5,40,000
Room Coolers (120) 3,36,000 2,40,000
10,26,000 7,80,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
420
Television sets Room Coolers
` `
(ii) Cash collected
Down payment
(900 × 100) 90,000 48,000 (400 × 120)
Instalments collected
(600 × 270) 1,62,000 80,000 (400 × 200)
Amount collected on
Repossessed goods
(3 × 2 × 600) 3,600 4,000 (5 × 4 × 200)
2,55,600 1,32,000
(iii) Instalment not yet due : `
Television : Total instalments on 98 sets 980
Instalments collected & due 290
690
Amount of 690 instalments @ ` 600 each = ` 4,14,000
Room Coolers :
Total instalment on 116 Room Coolers 1,392
Less : Instalments collected & due 430
962
Amount of 692 instalments @ ` 200 each = ` 1,92,400
Total amount (4,14,000 + 1,92,400) = ` 6,06,400
(iv) Stock Reserve :
1,500
Television sets ×4,14,000 90,000
6,900
800
Room Coolers ×1,92,400 54,971
2,800
1, 44,971
(v) Instalment not due on repossessed goods : `
2 Television sets 7 instalments on each @ `600 8,400
4 Room Coolers 7 instalments on each @ ` 200 5,600
14,000
(vi) Instalment due but not collected : `
Television sets (20 × ` 600) 12,000
Room Cooler (30 × ` 200) 6,000
18,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
421
mnkgj.k
(Illustration)13
fyfeVsM fdjk;k Ø; 'krks± ij ykxr esa tksM+dj mRikn csprk gSA ds
Y 33-1/3% 2008
fy, fofHké fooj.k ls fdjk;k Ø; LdU/k [kkrk] nqdku LdU/k [kkrk] fdjk;k Ø; nsunkj [kkrk]
LdU/k lap; [kkrk ,oa fdjk;k Ø; lek;kstu [kkrk rS;kj dhft;sA
2008 `
Jan. 1 Stock out on hire at Hire Purchase Price 1,20,000
Stock in hand, at Shop 15,000
Instalment due (Customers still paying) 9,000
Dec. 31 Stock out on hire at Hire Purchase Price 1,38,000
Stock in hand, at Shop 21,000
Instalments due (Customers still paying) 15,000
Cash received during the year 2,40,000
lek/kku
(Solution)
Hire Purchase Stock Account
2008 ` 2008 `
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 9,000 Jan. 1 By Bank A/c 2,40,000
To Hire Purchase Stock A/c By Balance c/d 15,000
(instalments due during
the year) (Balancing fig.) 2,46,000
2,55,000 2,55,000
Hire Purchase Stock Account
2008 ` 2008 `
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 1,20,000 Jan.—
Jan. 1 To Goods sold on Hire Dec. By H. P. Debtors A/c 2,46,000
To Purchase (75%) 1,98,000 Dec. 31 By Balance c/d 1,38,000
Jan. 1 To H. P. Adj. A/c (25%) 66,000
3,84,000 3,84,000
Shop Stock Account
2008 ` 2008 `
Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 15,000 By H. P. Stock A/c
To Purchase A/c (Cost of Goods
(Balancing fig.) 2,04,000 sold) 1,98,000
By Balance c/d 21,000
2,19,000 2,19,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
422
Stock Reserve Account
2008 ` 2008 `
To Hire Purchase Adjustment By Balance b/d
(transfer) 30,000 (25% on 1.20,000) 30,000
To Balance c/d 34,500 By Hire Purchase
Adjustment A/c 34,500
64,500 64,500
Hire Purchase Adjustment Account
2008 ` 2008 `
To Stock Reserve : Closing 34,500 By Stock Reserve
To Profit & Loss Account 61,500 Opening 30,000
By H. P. Stock 66,000
96,000 96,000
de ewY; ds eky ds fy;s fdjk;k Ø; vuqcU/k
11.
(HIRE PURCHASE AGREEMENT FOR GOODS OF SMALL VALUE)
vc rd] geusa us cM+s foØ; ewY; ds eky ds fy;s fdjk;k Ø; lkSnksaμlkekU;r% nks
O;kolkf;d bdkb;ksa ds chp LFkk;h lEifÙk;ksa ,oa lkSnksa dh gh] ppkZ dh gSA vc gesa miHkksäk
oLrq ds fdjk;k Ø; ,oa QqVdj foØsrk o miHkksäk ds chp lkSnksa ij ppkZ djuh pkfg;sA ;gk¡
;g /;ku nsuk pkfg;s fd ys[kkadu dsoy foØsrk ds n`f"Vdks.k ls egRoiw.kZ gS u fd Øsrk dsA
de ewY; gksus ls bu oLrqvksa dh foØ; lEcU/kh lkSns T;knk gksus ds dkj.k] O;kogkfjd rkSj
ij ,d QqVdj foØsrk ds fy;s izR;sd lkSns gsrq vyx&vyx [kkrs j[kuk vR;Ur vlqfo/kktud
gksrk gSA lkFk gh QqVdj foØsrk gksus okys lkSns gkfu rFkk vftZr ykHk ds ckjs esa tkuus dk bPNqd
ugha gksrkA og rks ,d fo'ks"k ys[kkadu vof/k esa gksus okys lHkh lkSnksa ls lEiw.kZ gkfu ;k vftZr
ykHk lEcU/kh tkudkjh izkIr djus dk bPNqd gksrk gSA tc fdjk;k Ø; lEcU/kh lkSnksa dh
vfèkdrk rFkk oLrqvksa dk ewY; de gks rc Lej.k ¼eSeksjsUMe½ fdjk;k Ø; [kkrk [kksyuk vf/kd
mi;qä gksrk gSA lkFk gh ,d fdjk;k Ø;&foØ; jftLVj j[krs gSa] ftlesa eky dh fdjk;k Ø;
jkf'k rFkk ykxr jkf'k nksuksa dks n'kkZrs gSaA bl jftLVj esa ns; fd'rksa dh la[;k] rRdky Hkqxrku
dh jkf'k vkSj fdjk;k Ø; vuqcU/k dh la[;k n'kkZrs gSaA Lej.k fdjk;k Ø; [kkrkcgh esa xzkgdksa
ds O;fäxr [kkrs Hkh j[ks tkus pkfg;sA foØ; ewY; dks O;fäxr xzkgdksa ds [kkrs esa MsfcV fd;k
tkrk gS vkSj ftu fd'rksa dk Hkqxrku gks pqdk gS mls [kkrs esa ØsfMV fd;k tkrk gSA fcØh ewY;
ds dqy jkf'k ds ;ksx dks ,d fu;U=.k [kkrs esa ØsfMV djrs gSa vkSj bls izkIr dqy fd'r jkf'k
ls MsfcV djuk pkfg;sA bl lEcU/k esa ;g /;ku j[kuk cgqr vko';d gS fd mijksä izfof"V;k¡
Lej.k iz—fr dh gSa rFkk ;s nksgjh izfof"V i)fr dk Hkkx ugha cu ldrhaA lkekU; cgh esa
O;fäxr enksa dks vuns[kk djus ds dkj.k ;s izfof"V;k¡ lEiw.kZ :i esa vfHkysf[kr gksrh gSA fdjk;k
Ø; foØ; ds jftLVj dk uewuk vxzkafdr gS μ
—
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
423
Hire Purchase Sales Register
S. No. Date of Name Name Cost H. P. Down No.of Instal- Total Instal- Instal-
Agree- of of Price Price Pay- Instal- ments Instal- ment ment
ment Cust- Article ment ments Due ments due but not yet
omer Received not due
received
1 2 3 4
iqLrikyd dks jftLVj esa fofHké enksa ds vfHkys[ku esa rFkk O;fäxr [kkrkas dh x.kuk
¼dqy ;ksx fudkyuk½ djus esa cgqr lko/kkuh j[kuh pkfg;sA
ykHk@gkfu dk fu/kkZj.k
12.
(ASCERTAINMENT OF PROFIT/LOSS)
;gk¡ ij nks izpfyr fof/k;k¡ fuEukafdr gSa] tks fdjk;k Ø; ij csph xbZ de ewY; dh
oLrqvksa ls lEcfU/kr ykHk@gkfu Kkr djus esa iz;ksx dh tkrh gS
—
¼v½ fdjk;k Ø; O;kikj [kkrk fof/k]
¼c½ LdU/k ,oa nsunkj fof/kA
fdjk;k Ø; O;kikj [kkrk fof/k
12.1 (Hire Purchase Trading Account Method)
bl fof/k ds vUrxZr fdjk;k Ø; O;kikj [kkrk fuEu izdkj rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS
—
¼v½ fdjk;k Ø; [kkrs dks buds }kjk MsfcV fd;k tk,xk
—
fiNys o"kZ ls yk;k x;k fdjk;k] Ø; [kkrs dk izkjfEHkd 'ks"kA lkekU;r% ;g
(i)
fdjk;k Ø; ewY; ij fn[kk;k tkrk gSA ;fn ;g ykxr ij fn;k x;k gks] rks
blesa Hkkj ¼ykHk½ dks tksM+dj fdjk;k Ø; ewY; esa ifjofrZr fd;k tk,xk
fdjk;k Ø; nsunkj dk izkjfEHkd cdk;k ¼fd'r ns; gqbZ ij izkIr ugha gqbZ½ iwoZ
(ii)
o"kZ ls vkxs yk;k tkrk gS
—
¼;½ ys[kkadu vof/k ds nkSjku fdjk;k Ø; ij csph xbZ oLrqvksa dk ewY;]
¼j½ ys[kkadu vof/k ds nkSjku fd;s x, O;;]
¼y½ oLrqvksa ds iquLokZfeRo ij gqbZ gkfuA
¼c½ fdjk;k Ø; [kkrs esa ØsfMV fd;s tk,axs
—
ys[kkadu vof/k ds nkSjku fdjk;k Ø; xzkgdksa ls izkIr udn jkf'k] blesa
(i)
lfEefyr gS rRdky Hkqxrku rFkk ys[kkadu vof/k ds nkSjku xr o"kZ lfgr
—
pkyw o"kZ esa fdjk;k Ø; fd'rksa ls ,df=r dh jkf'kA
iquLokZfeRo oLrqvksa ij ns; fd'rsa ftudk vHkh rd Hkqxrku ugha fd;k x;kA
(ii)
fdjk;k Ø; ewY; ij fdjk;k Ø; LdU/k dh vfUre 'ks"k dks vkxkeh vof/k gsrq
(iii)
vkxs ys tkuk ¼fd'rsa tks ns; ugha gSa½A ;s jkf'k ;fn iz'u esa u nh gks] rks bldh
x.kuk fdjk;k Ø; xzkgd [kkrk lfgr oLrq izys[k cukdj dh tk ldrh gSA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
424
fdjk;k Ø; nsunkjksa dk vfUre LVkWd ¼fd'rsa ns; gqbZ ij vHkh rd Hkqxrku
(iv)
ugha gqbZ½ vxys o"kZ ls vkxs yk;k tkrk gSA ;fn fdjk;k Ø; nsunkjksa dk
vfUre LVkWd fn;s x, iz'u esa ugha nh xbZ gS] rks bldh x.kuk oLrq izys[k
fdjk;k Ø; nsunkj [kkrk cukdj dh tk ldrh gSaA
Pass adjustment entries for the following :
(i) For loading on opening balance of Hire Purchase Stock
(Instalments not yet due/Goods with H. P. Customers)
Stock Reserve Account Dr.
To Hire Purchase Trading Account
(ii) For loading on goods sold on Hire Purchase during the year
Goods sold on Hire Purchase Account Dr.
To Hire Purchase Trading
(iii) For loading on closing balance of Hire Purchase Stock
(Instalments not yet due/Goods with H. P. Customers)
Hire Purchase Trading Account Dr.
To Stock Reserve Account
,d fdjk;k Ø; O;kikfjd [kkrs dk izk:i uhps fn;k x;k gS
—
Dr. Hire Purchase Trading Account Cr.
Date Particulars ` Date Particulars `
To Balance b/d : By Cash A/c
Hire Purchase Stock By Goods Repossessed
(at H. P. price) A/c (instalments due
but not paid)
Hire Purchase By Stock Reserve A/c
Debtors
To Goods Sold on H. P. (Loading on opening
A/c (H. P. price) H. P. stock)
To Loss on Goods By Goods sold on H. P.
Repossessed A/c A/c
To Expenses A/c (Loading on goods sold)
To Stock Reserve A/c By Balance c/d :
(Loading on closing H. P. Stock (at H. P.
H. P. stock) price)
To Profit & Loss A/c H. P. Debtors
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
425
iquLokZfeRo tc eky Hkqxrku esa pwd ds fy;s iquLokZfeRo esa ys
12.1.1 (Repossession)—
yh tkrh gS] eky ij fd'r dh la[;k tks ns; gS ij vHkh izkIr ugha gqbZ gS] olwyh ;ksX; ugha gksrhA
iquLokZfeRo esa fd;s x, eky ds lEcU/k esa bu fd'rksa dh jkf'k] oLrq izys[k fdjk;k Ø; [kkrs esa
igys okys dks ØsfMV djds vkSj ckn okys dks MsfcV djrs gq, oLrq izys[k fdjk;k Ø; nsunkj
[kkrs ls eky iquLokZfeRo [kkrs esa gLrkarfjr dh tkrh gSA
The following are the Journal Entries for Repossession :
(1) When the goods are repossessed
Goods Repossessed Account Dr. [Instalments due but
not yet paid]
To Hire Purchase Trading Account
(2) When there is a loss on repossession
[Selling price/market price is less than Instalments due but not yet paid]
Hire Purchase Trading Account Dr.
To Loss on Repossession Account
(3) When there is a profit on repossession
[Selling price/market price is greater than Instalments due but not yet paid]
Profit on Repossession Account Dr.
To Hire Purchase Trading Account
ykirk vadksa dh x.kuk
13.
(CALCULATION OF MISSING FIGURES)
ijh{kk esa dHkh&dHkh] ykHk@gkfu dh x.kuk ds fy;s vko';d vk¡dM+s ugha fn;s gksrsA ;s
gks ldrs gSa fdjk;k Ø; LdU/k] fdjk;k Ø; nsunkj] Ø; ;k udn izkfIr vkfnA
—(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
fdjk;k Ø; [kkrk cukus ls igys] ykirk vk¡dM+ksa dh x.kuk djuh pkfg;sA blds fy;s fuEu
pj.kksa dks viukuk pkfg;s
—
pj.k fuEu oLrq izys[k [kkrs cukb;s
1.
¼v½ oLrq izys[k nqdku LdU/k [kkrk
+
¼c½ oLrq izys[k fdjk;k Ø; LdU/k [kkrk@oLrq izys[k fdjk;k Ø; xzkgdksa
lfgr LdU/k [kkrk
¼l½ oLrq izys[k fdjk;k Ø; nsunkj [kkrk@ns; fd'r [kkrk
pj.k lEcfU/kr [kkrksa esa miyC/k vk¡dM+s MkysaA
2.
pj.k miyC/k vf/kdre vadksa ls [kkrksa dks feyk,¡A ;s ml [kkrs ds ykirk vadksa dks
3.
<w¡<+us esa lgk;d gksaxhA
pj.k rhljs pj.k esa x.kuk fd;s x, vk¡dM+ksa dks lEcfU/kr [kkrksa esa MkysaA
4.
pj.k vUrj.k dh ;g izfØ;k lHkh vk¡dM+ksa ds feyu rd tkjh j[ksaA
5.
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
426
bu [kkrksa dk izk:i fuEu gS μ
—
Dr. Memorandum Stock at Shop Account Cr.
To Balance b/d (at cost) By Goods sold on Hire
Purchase A/c (at cost)
To Purchases By Balance c/d
Dr. Memorandum Hire Purchase Stock Cr.
Particulars ` Particulars `
To Balance b/d (at H. P. Price) By CashA/c
To H. P. Stock A/c (total (instalments not yet due)
instalments due) By Balance c/d
Dr. Memorandum Hire Purchases Debtors Account Cr.
Particulars ` Particulars `
To Balance b/d (at H.P. price) By Cash A/c
To H.P. Stock A/c (total instal- By Goods Repossessed A/c
ments due) (instal. due but not yet recd.)
By Balance c/d
fd'r Hkqxrku iz.kkyh
14.
(INSTALMENT PAYMENT SYSTEM)
fd'r Hkqxrku iz.kkyh esa eky dk LokfeRo lafonk ij gLrk{kj djus ij Øsrk ds ikl rqjUr
vk tkrk gSA bl ekSfyd vUrj ds dkj.k] fd'r Hkqxrku i)fr ds vUrxZr tuZy izfof"V;k¡]
fdjk;k Ø; i)fr ds vUrxZr dh xbZ ys[kkadu izfof"V;ksa ls FkksM+h&lh fHké gks tkrh gSaA izfof"V
lEcfU/kr Ldhe bl rjg gS
—
Øsrk dh iqLrddsa Øsrk iwjs udn ewY; ls lEifÙk [kkrk MsfcV djrk
(Books of Buyer)—
gS rFkk lEiw.kZ fd'r jkf'k ls foØsrk [kkrk ØsfMV djrk gS rFkk iw.kZ fd'r ewY; jkf'k vkSj iw.kZ
udn jkf'k ds vUrj dks C;kt mPpUr [kkrss esa MsfcV djrk gSA C;kt jkf'k C;kt mPpUr [kkrs
esa ¼C;kt [kkrs esa ugha½ MsfcV dh tkrh gS] D;ksafd blesa o"kks± dh ,d la[;k dk C;kt vf/kd gksrk
gSA izR;sd o"kZ pkyw o"kZ C;kt ds lkFk C;kt [kkrk MsfcV ,oa C;kt mPpUr [kkrk ØsfMV fd;k
tkrk gSA o"kZ dh lekfIr ij] C;kt [kkrk] ykHk@gkfu [kkrs esa gLrkarfjr dj fn;k tkrk gSA
C;kt mPpUr [kkrs dk 'ks"k fpës esa lEifÙk i{k esa fn[kk;k tkrk gSA foØsrk dks mldh ns; fd'r
jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djds ewY;Œkl gsrq izfof"V lkekU; izpfyr rjhds ls dh tkrh gSA
foØsrk dh iqLrdsa foØsrk Øsrk dks mlds }kjk ns; iwjh jkf'k ¼fd'r
(Books of Seller)—
ewY;½ ls MsfcV ,oa iwjh udn jkf'k }kjk foØ; [kkrk ØsfMV djrk gS vkSj C;kt mPpUr [kkrs dks
dqy fd'r ewY; ,oa udn ewY; ds vUrj ls ØsfMV djrk gSA Øsrk dh rjg foØsrk Hkh izR;sd o"kZ
ns; C;kt dks C;kt mPpUr [kkrs ls C;kt [kkrs esa gLrkarfjr djrk gSA C;kt [kkrs dks ykHk ,oa
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
427
gkfu [kkrs esa vUrfjr dj cUn fd;k tkrk gS ,oa C;kt mPpUr [kkrs ds 'ks"k dks fpës esa nkf;Ro
i{k esa fn[kk;k tkrk gSA fd'r izkIr gksus ij foØsrk udn@cSad [kkrs dks MsfcV ,oa Øsrk ds [kkrs
dks ØsfMV djrk gSA
fdjk;k Ø; vuqcU/k ,oa fd'r Hkqxrku vuqcU/k dk vUrj
15.
(DIFFERENCE OF HIRE PURCHASE AGREEMENT AND INSTALMENT
PAYMENT AGREEMENT)
fdjk;k Ø; lafonk ,d ,slh lafonk gS ftlesa fdjk;k Øsrk dks mls iznÙk eky izkIr djus
ds foØ; lfgr fu{ksi tqM+k gksrk gSA eky dh lqiqnZxh ds }kjk mls dsoy iz;ksx dk vf/kdkj nsrk
gS LokfeRo dk ughaA fdjk;k ewY; jkf'k dh vfUre fd'r ds Hkqxrku ;k lafonk esa fu/kkZfjr dqN
vU; 'krks± dks iwjk djus ds lkFk gh oLrq ;k lEifÙk dk LokfeRo vf/kdkj fdjk;k Øsrk ds uke
gLrkarfjr dj fn;k tkrk gSA blds iwoZ fdlh Hkh le; fdjk;k Øsrk ds ikl lEcfU/kr eky
ykSVkus dk fodYi lqjf{kr jgrk gS rFkk ,slk djus ij mls dsoy ml le; rd ns; gks pqdh
fd'rksa dk gh Hkqxrku djuk gksrk gSA fdjk;k Ø; vuqcU/k dk ewy rRo Ø; lEcU/kh fodYi ;k
vf/kdkj gSA fdjk;k Øsrk }kjk fdjk;k Ø; dh fd'r esa ls fdlh ,d Hkh fd'r ds Hkqxrku esa pwd
djus ij foØsrk eky dks okfil ys ldrk gSA ;g dkuwuh :i ls oS/k gS D;ksafd eky dh lEifÙk
vHkh Hkh foØsrk dh gSA
tcfd nwljh vksj Øsrk ,oa foØsrk ds chp ;s lgefr gks ldrh gS fd eky dk ewY; fd'rksa
esa ns; gksxk rFkk lEcfU/kr lEifÙk Øsrk dks rqjUr lkSai nh tk,xhA fd'rksa dh jkf'k ds Hkqxrku
dh pwd gksus ij Hkh foØsrk dks lEcfU/kr lEifÙk dks okil ysuk lEHko ugha gksxhA fQj Hkh mls
;g vf/kdkj gksxk fd og Øsrk ds fo#) rRlEcU/kh ewY; dh olwyh tks mls Hkqxrku ugha dh xbZ
gS] ds fy;s dkuwuh dk;Zokgh djsA
fdjk;k Ø; ewY; dk fo'ys"k.k fdjk;k Ø; ewY;] udn ewY; jkf'k dh vis{kk lnSo
—
vf/kd gksrk gS] D;ksafd blesa lEcfU/kr eky dk okLrfod ewY; rFkk ns; C;kt Hkh 'kkfey gSA ;s
jkf'k mlds }kjk lEcfU/kr eky dk fd'rksa esa Hkqxrku izkIr djus ds fy;s lger gksus ,oa blls
lEcfU/kr tksf[ke ogu djus lEcfU/kr C;kt ds fy, foØsrk dks {kfriwfrZ ds :i esa pqdkbZ tkrh
gS vr,o blds vUrxZr fuEu rRo 'kkfey fd;s tkrs gSa
—
¼v½ udn ewY;]
¼c½ vnÙk fd'rksa ij C;kt]
¼l½ Øsrk }kjk fdjk;k Ø; ewY; jkf'k dh ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd fd'rksa ds Hkqxrku esa pwd
ds vUrxZr lféfgr tksf[ke ls cpkus ;k mlds }kjk {kfrxzLr n'kk esa eky dks
okil djus lEcU/kh 'kqYd nsukA
C;kt] eky dh lqiqnZxh ysus ds ckn eky ds ewY; dk fd'rksa esa Hkqxrku djus dh lqfo/kk
dk 'kqYd gSA bl C;kt dh nj lkekU;r% vfxze jkf'k vFkok _.k ds lEcU/k esa ns; C;kt nj dh
rqyuk esa vf/kd gksrh gSA blesa fdjk;snkj ds ns; fd'rksa esa ls fdlh ds Hkqxrku esa vlQy jgus
vkSj ,slh fdlh fLFkfr esa] lEcfU/kr eky dks] og ml le; ftl fLFkfr esa gS] esa okfil LokfeRo
esa ysus ij mBkbZ tksf[ke gsrq 'kqYd jkf'k Hkh 'kkfey jgrh gSA
bl vk/kkj ij vyx ls dksbZ 'kqYd ugha yxk;k tkrk] D;ksafd ,slk djuk fdjk;k
Ø;&foØ; ds ewyHkwr fl)kUrksa ds vuq:i ugha gksxkA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
428
mnkgj.k
(Illustration)14
—".kk ,stsUlht us vizSy] dks O;kikj izkjEHk fd;kA ekpZ] dks lekIr gksus
1 2007 31 2008
okys o"kZ ds nkSjku mUgksaus uhps fn;s x, eky dks nks Ldheksa ds vUrxZr cspk udn ewY; ;kstuk
—
,oa fdjk;k Ø; ;kstuk A
(CPS) (H. P. S.)
udn ewY; ;kstuk ds vUrxZr mUgksaus eky dks ykxr esa tksM+dj rFkk lqiqnZxh ij
25%
Hkqxrku djus ij fn;kA
fdjk;k Ø; ;kstuk ds vUrxZr [kjhnnkj dks eky ds ewY; ftlesa foÙkh; 'kqYd 'kkfey gS]
dk Hkqxrku fd'rksa esa nsus dh lgefr lEcfU/kr lafonk ij gLrk{kj djus gksaxs rFkk bl ewY;
30
dh x.kuk udn ewY; esa tksM+dj dh tk,xhA eky ds lEcU/k esa ekpZ] dh lekfIr
50% 31 2008
ij fuEu fooj.k miyC/k gSa %
mRikn [kjhn dh ds ds izfr ewY; o"kZ ds o"kZ ds
CPS HPS
la[;k vUrxZr vUrxZr bdkbZ nkSjku ns; nkSjku izkIr
fcØh fcØh fd'rksa dh fd'rksa dh
la[;k la[;k la[;k la[;k
Vh- oh-
la[;k
90 20 60 16,000 1,080 1,000
/kqykbZ
e'khusa
70 20 40 2,000 840 800
o"kZ ds nkSjku fuEu O;; fd;s x,
—
`
fdjk;k
1,20,000
osru
1,44,000
lsYlesu dks deh'ku
12,000
dk;kZy; O;;
20,000
mijksä lwpuk ls] vkils rS;kj djuk visf{kr gS
—
¼v½ fdjk;k Ø; O;kikj [kkrk] vkSj
¼c½ O;kikj ,oa ykHk o gkfu [kkrkA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
429
lek/kku
(Solution)
In the Books of Krishna Agencies
Hire-Purchase Trading Account
for the year ended 31stMarch, 2008
` ` ` `
To Goods sold on H. P. A/c : By Bank A/c cash received
TVs TVs
(60 × ` 30,000) 18,00,000 (1,000 × ` 1,000)
10,00,000
Washing Machines Washing Machines
(40 × ` 22,500) 9,00,000 27,00,000 (800 × ` 750)
6,00,000 16,00,000
To H. P. Stock Reserve By Instalment Due A/c :
87.5
` 9,90,000 × 4,62,000 TVs
187.5
(80 × ` 1,000) 80,000
To Profit & Loss A/c 7,98,000 Washing Machines
(H.P. profit transferred) (40 × ` 750) 30,000 1,10,000
By Goods sold on HP A/c :
(Cancellation of loading)
87.5
` 27,00,000 × 12,60,000
187.5
By H. P. Stock (W. N 2) 9,90,000
39,60,000 39,60,000
Trading and Profit & Loss Account
for the year ended 31st March, 2008
` ` ` `
To Purchases : By Sales :
TVs TVs
(90 × ` 16,000) 14,40,000 (20 × ` 20,000)
4,00,000
Washing Machines Washing Machines
(70 × ` 12,000) 8,40,000 22,80,000 (20 × ` 15,000)
3,00,000 7,00,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
430
To Gross profit c/d 1,40,000 By Goods sold on
H. P. A/c 14,40,000
(27,00,000 –
12,60,000) 2,80,000
By Shop Stock (W. N 3)
24,20,000 24,20,000
To Salaries 1,44,000 By Gross profit b/d 1,40,000
To Rent 1,20,000 By H. P. Trading A/c
To Commission 12,000 (H. P. Profit) 7,98,000
To Office expenses 1,20,000
To Net Profit 5,42,000
9,38,000 9,38,000
Working Notes :
(1) Calculation of per unit cash price, H. P. price and Instalment Amount :
Product Cost Cash Price H. P. Price Instalment
` `(Cost × ` (Cash Amount (`)
1.25) Price (H. P. price/
× 1.50) No. of
Instal-
ments)
TV sets 16,000 20,000 30,000 1,000
Washing Machines 12,000 15,000 22,500 750
(2) Calculation of H. P. Stock as on 31st March, 2008 :
Product Total No. of Instalments Instalments Amount
Instal- Due in 2007 not due in `
ments -2008 2007-2008
(Nos.) (Nos.) (Nos.)
TV sets 1,800 1,080 720 7,20,000
Washing Machines 1,200 840 360 2,70,000
9,90,000
(3) Calculation of Shop Stock as on 31st March, 2008 :
Product Purchased (Nos.) Sold (Nos.) Balance (Nos.) Amount `
TV sets 90 80 10 1,60,000
Washing Machines 70 60 10 1,20,000
2,80,000
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
431
mnkgj.k
(Illustration)15
, us tuojh] dks ,d e'khu fdjk;k Ø; vuqcU/k ds vUrxZr dh tks izR;sd
1 2008 6,000
` dh 5 v)Zokf"kZd fd'rksa ij nh tkrh gS] igyh fd'r 1 tqykbZ] 2008 ij ns; gksrh gSA ;g
ekudj fd C;kt dh ykxw nj izfro"kZ gS] e'khu ds udn ewY; dh x.kuk dhft;sA lHkh dk;Z
10%
fVIif.k;k¡ mÙkj dk Hkkx gksuk pkfg;sA
lek/kku
(Solution)
Statement showing cash value of the machine acquired on hire-purchase basis
Instalment Interest @ 5% Principal Amount
Amountd half yearly (in each instalment)
(10% p.a.) =
5/105 = 1/21
(in each instalment)
` ` `
5th Instalment 6,000 286 5,714
Less: Interest – 286
5,714
Add: 4th Instalment 6,000
11,714 558 5,442
Less: 3rd instalment 558 (11,156 – 5,714)
11,156
Add: 3rd instalment 6,000
17,156 817 5,183
Less : Interest 817 (16,339 – 11,156)
16,339
Add: 2nd instalment 6,000
22,339 1,063 4,937
Less: Interest 1,063 (21,276 – 16,339)
21,276 1,299 4,701
Add : 1st Instalment 6,000
27,276
Less: Interest 1,299 (25,977 – 21,276)
25,977 4,023 25,977
The cash purchase price of machinery is ` 25,977.
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
432
lkjka'k
(SUMMARY)
fdjk;k Ø; i)fr ds vUrxZr] fdjk;k Øsrk Ø; dh ykxr dks fd'rksa esa Hkqxrku
(cid:137)
djrk gSA eky dk LokfeRo dsoy vnÙk 'ks"k ds Hkqxrku djus ds ckn gh fdjk;k
foØsrk ds }kjk gLrkarfjr fd;k tk,xkA
fd'r i)fr ds vUrxZr] eky dk LokfeRo eky dks lqiqnZ djus dh frfFk ij Lokeh }kjk
(cid:137)
gLrkarfjr dj fn;k tkrk gSA
ys[kkadu fof/k;ka] tc eky dk foØ; fdjk;k Ø; i)fr ds vUrxZr vf/kd gS
(cid:137) —
udn ewY; fof/k]
(cid:122)
C;kt mPpUr fof/kA
(cid:122)
ys[kkadu fof/k;ka] tc eky dk foØ; fdjk;k Ø; i)fr ds vUrxZr de gS
(cid:137) —
nsunkj fof/k]
(cid:122)
LdU/k ,oa nsunkj fof/kA
(cid:122)
Lo-ijh{kk iz'u
(SELF-EXAMINATION QUESTIONS)
oLrqfu"B iz'u
I. (Objective Type Questions)
fn;s gq, fodYi ls lgh mÙkj pqfu;s
—
eky [kjhnus ds fy;s fdjk;k Ø; lkSns esa izos'k ds le; Hkqxrku dh xbZ jkf'k tkuh
1.
tkrh gS %
¼v½ udn ewY;
¼c½ rRdky Hkqxrku
¼l½ izFke fd'r
¼n½ fdjk;k Ø; ewY;
fdjk;k Ø; eky ij C;kt dk vUrj gS %
2.
¼v½ fdjk;k Ø; ewY; ,oa udn ewY;
¼c½ fdjk;k Ø; ewY; ,oa rRdky Hkqxrku
¼l½ udn ewY; ,oa igyh fd'r
¼n½ mijksä esa ls dksbZ ugha
fdjk;k Ø; lEifÙk ij ewY; Œkl nkok drkZ gS %
3.
¼v½ fdjk;k foØsrk
¼c½ fdjk;k Øsrk
¼l½ muds chp gq, vuqcU/k ds fglkc ls ;k fdjk;k foØsrk }kjk ;k fdjk;k Øsrk }kjk
¼n½ vfUre fd'r ds Hkqxrku izkfIr rd ewY; Œkl dk dksbZ nkok ugha
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fdjk;k Ø; ,oa fd'r foØ; lkSns
433
fd'r Hkqxrku i)fr ds vUrxZr] eky dk LokfeRo
4. —
¼v½ vfUre fd'r ds Hkqxrku ds le; vUrfjr gksrk gS
¼c½ vUrfjr ugha gksrk
¼l½ lafonk ij gLrk{kj ds le; vUrfjr gksrk gS
¼n½ mijksä esa ls dksbZ ughaA
mÙkj ¼c½] ¼v½] ¼c½] ¼l½A
[ (Answer)—1. 2. 3. 4. ]
y?kq mÙkjh; iz'u
II. (Short Answer Type Questions)
fdjk;k Ø; O;kikfjd [kkrs ij ,d laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k;sA
5.
fdjk;k Øsrk }kjk dh xbZ pwd ij iquLokZfeRo eky ds ys[kkadu O;ogkj dk foospu
6.
dhft;sA
nh?kZ mÙkjh; iz'u
III. (Long Answer Type Questions)
fdjk;k Ø; i)fr ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\ ;s fd'r Hkqxrku i)fr ls fdl izdkj fHké
7.
gS\
eS- fdjk;k Ø; i)fr ij cgqr NksVs ewY; dh cgqr NksVh oLrq,¡ ,d la[;k esa
8. ABC
csprs gSa rFkk vkils [kkrksa dks j[kus ds fy;s ,d lk/kkj.k ij lUrq"Viw.kZ i)fr dh
laLrqfr djus dk vuqjks/k djrs gSaA muds fy;s vkidh lykg D;k gksxh\
fØ;kRed iz'u
IV. (Practical Problems)
Mh- fy- ykxr esa tksM+dj] fdjk;k Ø; vk/kkj ij eky csprs gSaA ls
9. 60% 2008
lEcfU/kr fuEukafdr fooj.k ls fdjk;k Ø; lkSnksa ij ykHk ;k gkfu fudkfy;s
—
`
tuojh] dks ns; fd'rsa tks xzkgd }kjk Hkqxrku dh tkuh gSa
1 2008 2,000
fd'rsa tks vHkh rd ns; ugha gqbZ
25,000
fdjk;k Ø; vk/kkj ij o"kZ ds nkSjku csps x, eky dh ykxr
60,000
fdjk;k Ø; nsunkj ls izkIr udnh
90,000
fnlEcj] dks ns; fd'rsa] tks xzkgd }kjk Hkqxrku dh tkuh gSa
31 2008 3,000
10. 2000 ` ykxr dk ,d jSÝhtjsVj] 1 vizSy] 2008 dks fdjk;k Ø; vk/kkj ij 3,000`
esa cspk x;k] ftldk Hkqxrku 150` izR;sd dh 20 ekfld fd'rksa esa fd;k tkuk gSA ;fn
C;kt dks vuns[kk fd;k tkrk gS] rks ds fy, ykHk D;k gksxk\ vkidk mÙkj D;k
2008
gksxk ;fn C;kt dks vuns[kk u fd;k tk;s\
, fyfeVsM us ,Q fyfeVsM ls ,d Vªd] fdjk;k Ø; vk/kkj ij [kjhnk] Hkqxrku fuEu
11.
:i ls fd;k tkrk gS
—
izFke o"kZμ
1,30,000
`] f}rh; o"kZμ
1,20,000
`] r`rh;
o"kZμ 1,10,000`A mi;qZä fooj.k dh jkf'k esa
10%
izfro"kZ okf"kZd C;kt 'kkfey gSA ,
fyfeVsM izR;sd o"kZ twu dks iqLrdsa cUn djrk gS rFkk ?kVrh 'ks"k ewY; ds vk/kkj ij
30
izfro"kZ ls ewY; Œkl vifyf[kr djrk gSA
30%
Vªd [kkrk cukb;s
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
434
ds- baMLVªht fyfeVsM us fuEu fdjk;k Ø; n'kkvksa ij tuojh] ij lqiqnZxh
12. 1 2007
ysdj ,d la;a= vf/kxzfgr fd;k lqiqnZxh ij ;k mlls igys vkaf'kd Hkqxrku ds
—(i)
:i esa 40,000` dk Hkqxrku djrk gSA (ii) 30 twu] 2008 ls 'kq: djds 30,000`izR;sd
ds pkj v)Zokf"kZd Hkqxrku djrk gSA n'kkvksa rd igq¡pus esa] 'ks"k o"kks± esa la;U= fuekZrk
izfro"kZ ij C;kt dh x.kuk djrk gSA la;U= dk udn ewY; D;k gS\
6%
dkWfYy;jh fyfeVsM us tuojh ij oSxUl fyfeVsM ds lkFk oSxUl dh [kjhn ds lEcU/
13. 1
k esa fdjk;k Ø; vuqca/k esa izos'k fd;k] ftlds ewY; dk Hkqxrku N% ekg ds vUrjky ij
4,000` dh pkj cjkcj fd'rksa ds }kjk nks o"kks± rd djuk gSA oSxUl dk udn ewY;
14,770 ` FkkA izR;sd o"kZ] foÙkh; 'kqYdksa dks MsfcV djrs gq, ykHk ,oa gkfu [kkrk
fn[kkb;sA
eS- jghe oDlZ ,.M da- fdjk;k Ø; vk/kkj ij ,d fi;kuks csprk gSA ewY; dk Hkqxrku
14.
fuEu izdkj djuk gS —1,600` dh lqiqnZxh ds le; 2,700` izFke o"kZ] 1,500` f}rh;
o"kZ ,oa 4,400` r`rh; o"kZ ds vUr esaA fdjk;k Ø; C;kt dh x.kuk 10% izfro"kZ C;kt
ds vk/kkj ij Kkr dh tkrh gSA fi;kuks dk udn ewY; D;k gS\
15. ,d jSÝhtjsVj 123` lqiqnZxh ij ,oa ckdh 123` dh 12 =Sekfld fd'rksa esa Hkqxrku
djus ds ,d <ax esa 1,599` esa [kjhnk x;kA udn ewY; 1,365` gSA fdjk;k Ø; ewY;
esa 'kkfey C;kt dh jkf'k fu/kkZfjr dhft;s] tks izR;sd o"kZ foØsrk ds ykHk ,oa gkfu [kkrs
esa ØsfMV gksuh pkfg;sA vki ;g ekudj fd jSÝhtjsVj dh fcØh dsoy vizSy ls
flrEcj ekg ds vUrxZr gksrh gS( lkFk gh lek;kstuksa dks ¼;fn dksbZ gks½ Hkh le>kb;s]
fd izR;sd o"kZ ds ykHk ,oa gkfu [kkrs esa tek ¼ØsfMV½ dh tkus okyh C;kt dh jkf'k
vki dSls fudkysaxs] ekuk ysa fd [kkrs izfro"kZ ekpZ ij cUn gksrs gSaA
31
jkek ,.M da- jSÝhtjsVj ,oa jsfM;ks ds lkSns djrh gSA ekpZ] dks lekIr gksus
16. 31 2008
okys o"kZ ds nkSjku] QeZ us 100 ` izR;sd dh 5 fd'rksa esa ns;] 2,500 ` izR;sd ds 5
jSÝhtjsVj] 100` izR;sd dh 10 fd'rksa esa ns; 1,000` izR;sd ds 5 jsfM;ks cspsA izR;sd
ekeys esa ldy ykHk] foØ; ewY; dk gksrk gSA o"kZ ds nkSjku ns; gqbZ ,oa laxzfgr
20%
dh xbZ fd'rksa dh la[;k Fkh
—
csps eky dk csph xbZ bdkb;ksa dqy fd'rksa laxzfgr fd'rsa tks
fooj.k dh la[;k tks ns; fd'rksa dh fd'rsa ns;
gks xbZ gSa dh la[;k la[;k ugha gqbZ gaS
jSÝhtjsVj
5 125 30 25 95
jsfM;ks
5 50 25 25 25
,d jSÝhtjsVj ftl ij ik¡p fd'rsa Hkqxrku dh tk pqdh gS] dks fd'rksa ds Hkqxrku dks
pkyw j[kus dh v;ksX;rk dh otg ls iquLokZfeRo esa fy;k x;kA lkSnksa dks vfHkysf[kr
djus ds fy;s] jkek ,.M da- dh iqLrdksa esa vko';d [kkrs cukb;s rFkk fnlEcj]
31
dks lekIr gqbZ vof/k ds fy;s fdjk;k Ø; foØ; ij QeZ dk ykHk Kkr
2008
dhft;sA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
12
fuos'k ys[ks
[INVESTMENT ACCOUNTS]
v/;;u ds mís';
(Learning Objectives)
bl bdkbZ ds v/;;u ds mijkar] vki l{ke gks tk;saxs
—
fuos'k 'kCn dk vFkZ le>us esaA
(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137)
fuos'kksa ds oxhZdj.k dks tkuus esaA
(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137)
fuos'kksa ds vfèkxzg.k ykxr ,oa ifjpkyu jkf'k
(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137) (acquisition cost) (carrying
dh x.kuk esaA
amounts)
fuos'kksa ds fuiVkjs ij ykHk@gkfu dh x.kuk esaA
(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137)(cid:137)
ifjp;
1.
(INTRODUCTION)
fuos'k fdlh laLFkku }kjk ykHkka'k] C;kt rFkk fdjk;s ds ek/;e ls vk; vftZr djus gsrq
;k iwathxr o`f) gsrq ;k fuos'kdrkZ laLFkku dks vU; ykHk lqyHk djus gsrq /kkj.k dh xbZ lEifÙk;k¡
gSaA fuos'k ys[kkadu , ,l ds vuqlkj fd;k tkrk gS tks lHkh izdkj ds fuos'kksa ij
13 (AS 13)
O;ogkj djrk gS flok;
—
fuos'kksa ij mikftZr C;kt] ykHkka'k rFkk fdjk;k
(i)
ifjpkyukRed ;k foÙkh; iês
(ii)
vodk'k xzg.k vuqykHk ;kstukvksa rFkk thou chek laLFkkuksa ds fuos'k
(iii)
ikjLifjd dks"kksa ¼E;qpqvy QaMl½
(iv)
O;kikfjd jgfr;s ds :i esa èkkfjr lEifÙk;k¡ ^fuos'k* ugha gSaA
(v)
fuos'kksa dk oxhZdj.k
2.
(CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTMENTS)
, ,l ds vuqlkj fuos'kksa dks nks Jsf.k;ksa esa oxhZÑr fd;k x;k gS vFkkZr~ pkyw
13 (AS 13)
fuos'k rFkk nh?kZdkyhu fuos'k A
(Current Investments) (Long-term Investments)
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
fn baLVhV~;wV vkWQ pkVZMZ ,dkmUVsUV~l vkWQ bf.M;k
436
pkyw fuos'k
2.1 (Current Investments)
(cid:121) ,d pkyw fuos'k ,d ,slk fofu;kstu gS tks] vius LoHkko ds }kjk rRijrk ls olwyh
;ksX; gS rFkk ftls] ml frfFk ¼ftl ij ,slk fofu;kstu fd;k tkrk gS½ ls ,d o"kZ
ls vfèkd le; ds fy, j[kus dk bjknk ugha gksrkA
(cid:121) pkyw fuos'kksa dks ^ykxr* vkSj ^mfpr ewY;*] tks de gks jkf'k ij ys tkuk pkfg,A
(cid:121) mfpr ewY; og jkf'k gS] ftlds fy, dksbZ lEifÙk laKku bPNqd Øsrk rFkk laKku
bPNqd foØsrk ds e/; vkeus&lkeus jgrs gq, fofue;r dh tk;sA
(Arm’s Length)
mi;qä ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa cktkj ewY; vFkok 'kq) olwyh ;ksX; ewY;] mfpr ewY; dk
lk{; iznku djrk gSA
(cid:121) cktkj ewY; [kqys cktkj esa fdlh fuos'k ds foØ; ls izkIr gksus ;ksX; og jkf'k gS tks
ml ij vfuok;Zr% fuiVkjs ij ;k mlls iwoZ fd;s tkus okys O;;ksa ds i'pkr~ feysaA
(cid:121) mfpr ewY;ksa esa dksbZ dVkSrh rFkk ,slh dVkSfr;ksa esa dksbZ foijhr xeu dks ykHk&gkfu
fooj.k esa 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA
nh?kZdkyhu fuos'k
2.2 (Long-term Investments)
(cid:121) ,d nh?kZdkyhu fuos'k ,slk fuos'k gS tks pkyw fuos'k ds vfrfjä gksA
(cid:121) nh?kZdkyhu fuos'kksa dks lk/kkj.kr% ykxr ewY; ij fy;k tkrk gSA
(cid:121) ;fn ;gk¡ nh?kZdkyhu fuos'kksa ds ewY;ksa esa LFkk;h fxjkoV gS rks fxjkoV dks ekU;rk
nsus gsrq ifjpkyu jkf'k dks de fd;k tkrk gSA
(cid:121) ifjpkyu jkf'k esa deh dks ykHk ,oa gkfu fooj.k esa izHkkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA
(cid:121) ifjpkyu jkf'k esa deh dks foijhr dj fn;k tkrk gS tc fuos'k ds ewY; esa o`f)
gks ;k deh ds dkj.kksa dk vc vfLrRo u jgsA
fuos'k vf/kxzg.k
3.
(INVESTMENT ACQUISITIONS)
fdlh fuos'k dh ykxr esa vfèkxzg.k izHkkj 'kkfey gksrs gSa tSls fd nykyh 'kqYd
1.
¼Qhl½ ,oa djA
va'kksa ;k vU; izfrHkwfr;ksa dks fuxZfer djds] ;fn dksbZ fuos'k vfèkxzg.k fd;s tkrs
2.
gSa ;k va'kr% izkIr fd;s tkrs gSa] rks izkfIr dh ykxr fuxZfer izfrHkwfr;ksa ;k lEifÙk
dk mfpr ewY; gksrk gSA
;g vfuok;Z ugha gS fd mfpr ewY;] fuxZfer izfrHkwfr;ksa ds vafdr ;k leewY; ds
leku gks ldsA
;fn dksbZ fuos'k fdlh vU; lEifÙk ls fofue; ;k vkaf'kd fofue; }kjk izkIr fd;s
tkrs gSa rks fuos'k dh vfèkxzg.k ykxr R;kxh x;h lEifÙk ds mfpr ewY; ds lanHkZ esa
fuèkkZfjr dh tkrh gSA ;fn ;gk¡ vfèkd Li"V lk{; gSa] rks vfèkx`ghr fuos'k ds
mfpr ewY; dk fopkj djuk mi;qZä gks ldrk gSA
© The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
Showing pages 1–50 of 148Next 50 pages →