GROUP - I PAPER - 1 ACCOUNTING V2 CHAPTER 2

2 P F S REPARATION OF INANCIAL TATEMENTS OF C OMPANIES UNIT 1: PREPARATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF COMPANIES BASIC CONCEPTS While preparing the final accounts of a company the following should be kept in mind: (cid:190) Requirements of Schedule VI; (cid:190) Other statutory requirements; (cid:190) Accounting Standards issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India on different accounting matters (AS-1 to AS-32); (cid:190) Statements and Guidance Notes issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India; which are necessary for understanding the accounting treatment / valuation / disclosure suggested by the ICAI] Question 1 The Articles of Association of S Ltd. provide the following: (i) That 20% of the net profit of each year shall be transferred to reserve fund. (ii) That an amount equal to 10% of equity dividend shall be set aside for staff bonus. (iii) That the balance available for distribution shall be applied: (a in paying 14% on cumulative preference shares. (b) in paying 20% dividend on equity shares. (c) one-third of the balance available as additional dividend on preference shares and 2/3 as additional equity dividend. A further condition was imposed by the articles viz. that the balance carried forward shall be equal to 12% on preference shares after making provisions (i), (ii) and (iii) mentioned above. The company has issued 13,000, 14% cumulative participating preference shares of Rs. 100 each fully paid and 70,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid up. © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India Accounting The profit for the year 2012 was Rs. 10,00,000 and balance brought from previous year Rs. 80,000. Provide Rs. 31,200 for depreciation and Rs. 80,000 for taxation before making other appropriations. Prepare Profit and Loss Account –below the line. (November, 2008) Answer Profit and Loss Account –(below the line) for the year ended 2012 Particulars Rs. a Profit 10,00,000 b Expenses: Depreciation and amortization expense (31,200) Total expenses (31,200) c Profit before tax 9,68,800 d Provision for tax (80,000) e Profit (Loss) for the period 8,88,800 Balance of Profit and Loss account brought forward 80,000 f Total 9,68,800 g Appropriations Transfers to Reserves (1,77,760) Proposed preference dividend (1,82,000 + 93,450) (2,75,450) Proposed equity dividend (1,40,000 + 1,86,900) (3,26,900) Bonus to employees (14,000 + 18,690) (32,690) Total (8,12,800) h Balance carried to Balance sheet (f-g) 1,56,000 Working Note: Balance of amount available for Preference and Equity shareholders and Bonus for Rs. Employees Credit Side 9,68,800 Less: Dr. side [1,77,760 + 1,82,000+1,40,000+14,000 + 1,56,000] 6,69,760 2,99,040 Suppose remaining balance will be = x 1 1 Suppose preference shareholders will get share from remaining balance = x× = x 3 3 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.2 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies 2 2 Equity shareholders will get share from remaining balance = x× = x 3 3 2 10 2 Bonus to Employees = x× = x 3 100 30 2 1 2 Now, x+ x+ x=2,99,040 3 3 30 32 x = 89,71,200 x = 89,71,200/32 = Rs.2,80,350 1 Share of preference shareholders - Rs. 2,80,350 × = Rs.93,450 3 2 Share of equity shareholders - Rs.2,80,350 × = Rs.1,86,900 3 2 Bonus to employees - Rs.2,80,350 × = Rs.18,690 30 Question 2 Dividend on partly paid shares. (May, 2002) Answer In the case of partly paid-up shares, the dividend is payable either on the nominal, called-up or the paid-up amount of shares, depending on the provisions in this regard that there may be in the articles of the company. In the absence of any such provisions, Table A should be applicable. In such a case the amount of dividend payable will be calculated on the amount paid-up on the shares, and while doing so, the dates on which the amounts were paid must be taken into account. Calls paid in advance do not rank for payment of dividend. A company may if so authorised by its articles, pay a dividend in proportion to the amount paid on each share, where a larger amount is paid on some shares than on others (Section 93 of the Companies Act, 1956). But where the articles are silent and Table A has been excluded, the amount of dividend payable will have to be calculated on the nominal amount of shares. It should, however, be noted that according to Clause 88 of Table A dividends are to be declared and paid according to the amounts paid or credited as paid on the shares in respect whereof the dividend is paid, but if and so long as nothing is paid upon any of the shares of the company, dividends may be declared and paid according to the nominal amount of the shares. Question 3 The balance sheet of XYZ Ltd. as at 31st December, 2011 inter alia includes the following: Rs. 50,000 8% Preference shares of Rs. 100 each Rs. 70 paid up 35,00,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.3 Accounting 1,00,00 Equity shares of Rs. 100 each fully paid up 1,00,00,000 Securities premium 5,00,000 Capital redemption reserve 20,00,000 General reserve 50,00,000 Under the terms of their issue, the preference shares are redeemable on March 31, 2012 at a premium of 5%. In order to finance the redemption, the company makes a right issue of 50,000 equity shares of Rs. 100 each at Rs. 20 being payable on application, Rs. 35 (including premium) on allotment and the balance on January 1, 2012. The issue was fully subscribed and allotment made on March 1, 2012. The monies due on allotment were received by March 30, 2012. The preference shares were redeemed after fulfilling the necessary conditions of Section 80 of the Companies Act, 1956. The company decided to make the minimum utilisation of general reserve. You are asked to pass the necessary journal entries and show the relevant extracts from the Balance Sheet as on March 31, 2012 with the corresponding figures as on 31st December, 2011. (November, 1999) Answer XYZ Ltd. Journal Entries Dr. Cr. Rs. ‘000 Rs. ‘000 8% Preference Share Final Call Account Dr. 15,00 To 8% Preference Share Capital Account 15,00 (Being the final call made on 50,000 preference shares @ Rs. 30 each to make them fully paid up) Bank Account Dr. 15,00 To 8% Preference Share Final Call Account 15,00 (Being the final call amount received on 50,000 preference shares @ Rs. 30 each) Bank Account Dr. 10,00 To Equity Share Application Account 10,00 (Being the application money received on 50,000 equity shares @ Rs. 20 per share) Equity Share Application Account Dr. 10,00 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.4 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies To Equity Share Capital Account 10,00 (Being the application money on 50,000 equity shares transferred to equity share capital account vide Board’s resolution dated...) Equity Share Allotment Account Dr. 17,50 To Equity Share Capital Account 12,50 To Securities Premium Account 5,00 (Being the amount due on 50,000 equity shares @ Rs. 35 per share [including premium Rs.10 vide Board’s resolution dated...) Bank Account Dr. 17,50 To Equity Share Allotment Account 17,50 (Being the allotment money received on 50,000 equity shares @ Rs. 35 per share) 8% Preference Share Capital Account Dr. 50,00 Premium on Redemption of Preference Shares Account Dr. 2,50 To Preference Shareholders Account 52,50 (Being the amount payable to preference share holders on redemption) Preference Shareholders Account Dr. 52,50 To Bank Account 52,50 (Being the payment made to preference shareholders) Securities Premium Account Dr. 2,50 To Premium on Redemption of Preference Shares Account 2,50 (Being the premium payable on redemption of preference shares charged to share premium account) General Reserve Dr. 27,50 To Capital Redemption Reserve 27,50 (Being the amount transferred to capital redemption reserve on redemption of preference shares for the balance not covered by proceeds of fresh issue of shares) © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.5 Accounting Balance Sheet of XYZ Limited As at 31st March, 2012 (after redemption of preference shares) (Relevant extracts) Particulars Notes Rs. ('000) Rs. ('000) Equity and Liabilities as on 31.03.12 as on 31.03.11 1 Shareholders' funds a Share capital 1 12,250 13,500 b Reserves and Surplus 2 7,750 7,500 The cash and bank balance will be decreased by Rs. 10,00,000 on 31.3.2011 as compared to the balance on 31.12.2010. Notes to accounts Rs. ('000) as on 31.03.12 1. Share Capital Equity share capital Issued, subscribed and paid-up 1,00,000 equity shares of Rs. 100 each, fully paid up 10,000 10,000 50,000 equity shares of Rs. 100 each, Rs. 45 called up and 2,250 - paid up Preference share capital 50,000, 8% Redeemable preference shares of Rs. 100 - 3,500 each, Rs. 70 called-up and paid-up (redeemed on 31st March, 2010) Total 12,250 13,500 2. Reserves and Surplus Capital redemption reserve 4,750 2,000 Securities premium account 750 500 General reserve 2,250 5,000 Total 7,750 7,500 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.6 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Working Notes : Rs. ‘000 (i) Transfer to capital redemption reserve Nominal value of preference shares redeemed (Rs. 100 × 50,000) 50,00 Less : Proceeds of fresh equity issue [(Rs. 20 + 25) × 50,000)] 22,50 Transfer to capital redemption reserve 27,50 (ii) Capital redemption reserve as on 31.3.2012 Balance as on 31.12.2011 20,00 Add : Transfer from general reserve 27,50 Balance as on 31.3.2012 47,50 (iii) General reserve as on 31.3.2012 Balance as on 31.12.2011 50,00 Less : Transfer to capital redemption reserve 27,50 Balance as on 31.3.2012 22,50 (iv) Securities premium as on 31.3.2012 Balance as on 31.12.2011 5,00 Add : Amount received @ Rs. 10 per share on fresh issue of 50,000 equity shares 5,00 10,00 Less : Premium on redemption of preference shares 2,50 Balance as on 31.3.2012 7,50 (v) Change in cash and bank balance Receipts : (31.12.2011 - 31.3.2012) Application money on 50,000 equity shares @ Rs. 20 per share 10,00 Allotment money on 50,000 equity shares @ Rs. 35 per share 17,50 Final call on 50,000, 8% Preference shares @ Rs. 30 per share 15,00 42,50 Payments: Amount paid to preference shareholders on redemption 52,50 Reduction in cash and bank balance 10,00 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.7 Accounting Question 4 Provisional Balance Sheet of P Ltd. as at 31st March, 2012 was as under: Liabilities Rs. Rs. Assets Rs. Share Capital Fixed Assets (at cost less 50,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 depreciation) 7,00,000 each, Rs. 7 per share called up 3,50,000 Cash & Bank balances 2,00,000 Less : Calls in arrear on 10,000 Other Current assets 6,00,000 shares @ Rs. 2 per share 20,000 3,30,000 Add : Calls in advance on 40,000 shares @ Rs. 3 per share 1,20,000 4,50,000 20,000, 10% Redeemable preference shares of Rs. 10 each, fully paid up 2,00,000 Reserves & Surplus : General Reserve 3,00,000 Profit & Loss Account 2,70,000 Current Liabilities 2,80,000 15,00,000 15,00,000 Calls in arrear are outstanding for 6 months. Calls in advance were also received 6 months back. Interest @ 10% p.a. on calls in advance and 12% p.a. on calls in arrear are allowed/charged. The Board of Directors have recommended that: (i) Dividend for the year 2011-12 be allowed @ 20% on equity shares. (ii) Money on calls in advance be refunded and partly paid equity shares be converted as fully paid up by declaring bonus dividend to shareholders. (iii) The preference shares, which are redeemable at a premium of 10% any time after 31st March, 2012 may be redeemed by issue of 10% Debentures of Rs. 100 in cash. Show Journal Entries to give effect to the above proposals including payment and receipt of cash and redraft the Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet of P Ltd. (November, 2001) © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.8 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Answer Journal Entries P Ltd. Dr. Cr. Rs. Rs. Interest on Calls in Arrear A/c Dr. 1,200 To Profit & Loss A/c 1,200 (Being interest @ 12 % p.a. on Rs. 20,000 for 6 months credited to Profit and Loss Account) Bank A/c Dr. 21,200 To Calls in Arrear A/c 20,000 To Interest on Calls in Arrear A/c 1,200 (Being interest on calls in arrear received) Profit & Loss A/c Dr. 6,000 To Interest on Calls in Advance A/c 6,000 (Being interest @ 10% on Rs. 1,20,000 for 6 months allowed on calls in advance) Profit & Loss A/c Dr. 90,000 To Preference Dividend 20,000 To Equity Dividend 70,000 (Being dividend @ 10% on Preference share capital & 20% on Equity share capital proposed) Profit & Loss A/c Dr. 1,50,000 To Bonus to Equity Shareholders A/c 1,50,000 (Being bonus dividend declared) Share Final Call A/c Dr. 1,50,000 To Equity Share Capital A/c 1,50,000 (Being final call made @ Rs. 3 on 50,000 shares) Bonus to Equity shareholders A/c Dr. 1,50,000 To Share Final Call A/c 1,50,000 (Being adjustment of bonus dividend against final call) © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.9 Accounting Calls in Advance A/c Dr. 1,20,000 Interest on Calls in Advance A/c Dr. 6,000 To Bank A/c 1,26,000 (Being amount of calls in advance along with interest refuned) Bank A/c Dr. 2,20,000 To 10% Debentures A/c 2,20,000 (Being 2,200 Debentures of Rs.100 each issued in cash) Profit & Loss A/c Dr. 20,000 To Premium on Redemption of Preference shares A/c 20,000 (Being premium payable on redemption) Profit & Loss A/c Dr. 5,200 General Reserve A/c Dr. 1,94,800 To Capital Redemption Reserve A/c 2,00,000 (Transfer to capital redemption reserve) Preference Share Capital A/c Dr. 2,00,000 Premium on Redemption of Preference Shares A/c Dr. 20,000 To Preference Shareholders A/c 2,20,000 (Amount due on redemption of preference shares) Preference Shareholders A/c Dr. 2,20,000 To Bank A/c 2,20,000 (Amount paid to preference shareholders) Profit & Loss Account of P Ltd. for the year ended 31st March, 2012 Particulars Notes no. Rs. a Profit 270,000 Other Income 5 1,200 b Expenses Other Expenses 6 (6,000) c Profit before tax 265,200 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.10 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies d Appropriations Premium on redemption (20,000) Preference Dividend (20,000) Equity Dividend (70,000) Bonus Dividend (150,000) Capital Redemption Reserve (5,200) Total (2,65,200) e Balance carried to Balance sheet (c-d) - Balance Sheet of P Ltd. as on 31st March 2012 Particulars Notes Rs. Equity and Liabilities 1 Shareholders' funds a Share capital 1 5,00,000 b Reserves and Surplus 2 3,05,200 2 Non-current liabilities a Long-term borrowings 3 2,20,000 3 Current liabilities a Trade Payables 2,80,000 b Other current liabilities 4 90,000 Total 13,95,200 Assets 1 Non-current assets a Fixed assets 7,00,000 2 Current assets a Cash and cash equivalents 95,200 b Other current assets 6,00,000 Total 13,95,200 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.11 Accounting Notes to accounts Rs. 1. Share Capital Equity share capital Issued, subscribed and paid-up 5,00,000 50,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid up (Of the above equity shares Rs. 3 per share has not been received in cash but has been capitalised by issuing bonus dividend) 5,00,000 Total 2. Reserves and Surplus 2,00,000 Capital redemption reserve 3,00,000 General reserve (1,94,800) 105,200 Less: Utilised for redemption of preference share - Profit & Loss Account 3,05,200 Total 3. Long-term borrowings Secured 2,20,000 10% Debentures 2,20,000 Total 4. Other current liabilities 90,000 Proposed dividend 90,000 Total 5. Other Income Interest on calls in arrear 1,200 6. Other Expenses Interest on calls in advance 6,000 Working Note : Cash and Bank balance as on 31st March, 2012 Rs. Cash and bank balance (given) 2,00,000 Add: Recovery of calls in arrear and interest thereon 21,200 Proceeds from issue of 10% Debentures 2,20,000 4,41,200 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.12 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Less: Payment of calls in advance and interest thereon 1,26,000 Redemption of preference shares 2,20,000 95,200 Note : In the absence of information, it has been assumed that the amount of calls in arrear has been received in the given solution. It has been assumed that 20% dividend on equity shares has been proposed before the equity shares are made fully paid by way of bonus dividend. Question 5 The summarized financial position of P Limited at 31st December, 2012 was as follows: Liabilities Rs. Assets Rs. Authorised, Issued and Subscribed Capital Assets 8,40,000 Cash and Bank 3,00,000 40,000, 5 % Redeemable Preference shares of Rs. 10 each, fully paid 4,00,000 20,000 Equity shares of Rs. 10 each, fully paid 2,00,000 Securities Premium Account 50,000 Profit and Loss Account 2,80,000 Sundry Liabilities 2,10,000 11,40,000 11,40,000 As per the terms of issue of the Preference Shares these were redeemable at a premium of 5 % on 1st February, 2013 and it was decided to arrange this as far as possible out of the company’s resources subject to leaving a balance of Rs. 50,000 in the credit of the Profit and Loss Account. It was also decided to raise the balance amount by issue of 17,000 Equity Shares of Rs. 10 each at a premium of Rs. 2.50 per share. You are required to prepare the necessary Ledger Accounts giving effect to the above arrangements in the company’s books. Journal Entries are not required. (May, 2002) Answer 5% Redeemable Preference Share Capital Account 2013 Rs. 2013 Rs. Feb. 1 To Preference Share holders A/c 4,00,000 Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 4,00,000 4,00,000 4,00,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.13 Accounting Preference Shareholders Account 2013 Rs. 2013 Rs. Feb. 1 To Bank A/c 4,20,000 Feb. 1 By 5% Redeemable Preference Share Capital A/c 4,00,000 By Premium on Redemption A/c 20,000 4,20,000 4,20,000 Premium on Redemption Account 2013 Rs 2013 Rs. Feb. 1 To Preference Share-holders A/c 20,000 Feb. 1 By Securities Premium A/c 20,000 Equity Shares Application and Allotment Account 2013 Rs. 2013 Rs. Feb. 1 To Equity Share Feb. 1 By Bank A/c 2,12,500 Capital A/c 1,70,000 To Securities Premium A/c 42,500 2,12,500 2,12,500 Capital Redemption Reserve Account 2013 Rs. 2013 Rs. Feb. 1 To Balance c/d 2,30,000 Feb. 1 By Profit and Loss A/c 2,30,000 2,30,000 2,30,000 Equity Share Capital Account 2013 Rs. 2013 Rs. Feb. 1 To Balance 3,70,000 Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 2,00,000 Feb. 1 By Equity shares application and allotment A/c 1,70,000 3,70,000 3,70,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.14 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Securities Premium Account 2013 Rs. 2013 Rs. Feb. 1 To Premium on Jan. 1 By Balance b/d 50,000 Redemption A/c 20,000 Feb. 1 By Equity Shares Application To Balance c/d 72,500 and Allotment A/c 42,500 92,500 92,500 Cash and Bank Account 2013 Rs. 2013 Rs. Jan. 1 To Balance b/d 3,00,000 Feb. 1 By Preference Share 4,20,000 Feb. 1 To Equity Share Holders A/c By Balance c/d 92,500 Application and Allotment A/c 2,12,500 5,12,500 5,12,500 Note: No dividend has been paid on preference shares in the above solution. Alternatively, dividend may be paid at the rate of 5% for one month because the redemption takes place on 1st February, 2013 assuming that the articles of the company and terms of contract of company with the preference shareholders provide for such dividend. Question 6 Following is the Balance Sheet of M/s Z Ltd. as on 31st March, 2009: Liabilities Rs. Assets Rs. 80,000, 6% Redeemable Preference 7,20,000 Sundry Assets 16,80,000 shares of Rs.10 each Rs.9 paid up. Cash 5,20,000 40,000 Equity shares of Rs.10 each 4,00,000 fully paid Securities premium 1,00,000 Profit and Loss Account 5,00,000 General Reserve 60,000 Sundry Creditors 4,20,000 22,00,000 22,00,000 By the terms of their issue, the preference shares were redeemable at a premium of Re.0.50 per share on 1st April, 2009, and it was decided to arrange for this, as far as possible, out of the 2.15 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India Accounting companies resources subject to leaving a credit balance of Rs.24,000 in the profit and loss a/c. It was also decided to raise the balance of funds required by the issue of sufficient number of equity shares at a premium of 10%. Show the necessary Journal Entries giving effect to the above transactions and the Balance Sheet thereafter. (June, 2009) Answer Journal Entries Particulars Debit Credit Amount Amount Rs. Rs. (1) Redeemable Preference share final call A/c Dr. 80,000 To 6% Redeemable Preference share capital A/c 80,000 (Being final call due, because only fully paid shares can be redeemed, so preference shares have to be made fully paid) (2) Bank A/c Dr. 80,000 To 6% Redeemable Preference share final call A/c 80,000 (Being call money received from all shareholders) (3) Securities Premium A/c Dr. 40,000 To Premium on Redemption of Preference shares 40,000 (Being premium payable on redemption @ 5% is charged from Securities Premium A/c) (4) Bank A/c Dr. 2,90,400 To Equity share application and allotment A/c 2,90,400 (Being amount received on issue of new shares) (5) Equity Share Application & Allotment A/c Dr. 2,90,400 To Equity Share Capital A/c (W.N.1) 2,64,000 To Securities Premium A/c 26,400 (Being shares issued at a premium of 10%) (6) 6% Redeemable Preference Capital A/c Dr. 8,00,000 Premium on Redemption of Preference Shares A/c Dr. 40,000 To Preference Shareholders A/c 8,40,000 (Being redemption made) © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.16 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies (7) Preference Shareholders A/c Dr. 8,40,000 To Bank A/c 8,40,000 (Being payment made to preference shareholders) (8) Profit & Loss A/c Dr. 4,76,000 General Reserve A/c Dr. 60,000 To Capital Redemption Reserve A/c 5,36,000 (Being revenue profit transferred to Capital redemption reserve) Balance Sheet (After Redemption) Particulars Notes Rs. Equity and Liabilities 1 Shareholders' funds 6,64,000 a Share capital 1 6,46,400 b Reserves and Surplus 2 2 Non-current laibilities a Long-term borrowings 3 Current laibilities 4,20,000 a Trade Payables 17,30,400 Total Assets 1 Non-current assets 16,80,000 a Fixed assets 2 Current assets 50,400 a Cash and cash equivalents 17,30,400 Total Notes to accounts Rs. 1 Share Capital Equity share capital Issued, subscribed and paid-up 6,64,000 66,400 equity shares of Rs. 10 each fully paid up Total 6,64,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.17 Accounting 2 Reserves and Surplus Capital redemption reserve 5,36,000 Securities Premium 86,400 Profit & Loss Account 24,000 Total 6,46,400 Working Notes: 1. Calculation of minimum number of equity shares to be issued: Rs. Face value∗ of Redeemable Preference shares 8,00,000 Less: General Reserve 60,000 Profit and Loss Account (5,00,000 – 24,000) 4,76,000 5,36,000 Face value of equity shares to be issued 2,64,000 2. Calculation of balance in securities premium account after redemption: Rs. Securities premium account before redemption 1,00,000 Add: Securities premium on issue of equity shares 26,400 1,26,400 Less: Premium on redemption of preference shares 40,000 86,400 3. Calculation of balance in cash account after redemption: Rs. Balance in cash account before redemption 5,20,000 Add: Final call on preference shares 80,000 Add: Proceeds from issue of equity shares 2,90,400 8,90,400 Less: Payment to preference shareholders on redemption 8,40,000 50,400 ∗ Balance in securities premium account is sufficient to pay premium on redemption of preference shares. Therefore, only sum equal to face value of redeemable preference shares less funds available in P &L A/c and general reserve is to be considered for issue of shares (face value). © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.18 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies UNIT 2 : CASH FLOW STATEMENT BASIC CONCEPTS AND STEPS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS (cid:190) Dealt with under AS 3 (cid:190) Based on cash concept of profit (cid:190) Benefits include providing information relating to changes in cash and cash equivalents of an enterprise. (cid:190) Useful tool of planning (cid:190) Cash funds include : (a) Cash in hand (b) Demand deposits with banks (c) Cash equivalents (cid:190) Cash flow activities may be classified as inflow and outflow but as per AS-3 they are classified as Operating Activities, Investing activities, Financing activities (cid:190) Operating activities are principal revenue generating activities (cid:190) Investing Activities relate to acquisition and disposal of long-term assets and other investments (cid:190) Financing Activities include the ones which result in changes in the size and composition of the owner’s capital (including preference share capital) and borrowings of the enterprise. (cid:190) Methods to calculate cash flow from operating activities include: (a) Direct Method (b) Indirect Method also known as reconciliation method (cid:190) In order to calculate cash flow from investing activities inflows and outflows related to acquisition and disposal of assets, other than those related to operating activities, are shown under this category (cid:190) In order to calculate cash flow from financing activities inflows and outflows related to the amount of capital and borrowings of the enterprise are shown under this head Question 1 Classification of activities (with two examples) as suggested in AS 3, to be used for preparing a cash flow statements. (May, 2001) Answer AS 3 (Revised) on Cash Flow Statements requires that the cash flow statement should report cash flows by operating, investing and financing activities. © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.19 Accounting (i) Operating activities are the principal revenue-producing activities of the enterprise and other activities that are not investing or financing activities. Cash receipts from sale of goods and cash payments to suppliers of goods are two examples of operating activities. (ii) Investing activities are acquisition and disposal of long-term assets and other investments not included in cash equivalents. Payment made to acquire machinery and cash received for sale of furniture are examples of investing activities. (ii) Financial activities are those activities that result in changes in the size and composition of the owner’s capital (including preference share capital in the case of a company) and borrowings of the enterprise. Cash proceeds from issue of shares and cash paid to redeem debentures are two examples of financing activities. Question 2 Explain the difference between direct and indirect methods of reporting cash flows from operating activities with reference to Accounting Standard 3, (AS 3) revised.(November, 2002) Answer As per para 18 of AS 3 (Revised) on Cash Flow Statements, an enterprise should report cash flows from operating activities using either : (a) the direct method, whereby major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments are disclosed; or (b) the indirect method, whereby net profit or loss in adjusted for the effects of transactions of a non-cash nature, any deferrals or accruals of past or future operating cash receipts or payments, and items of income or expense associated with investing or financing cash flows. The direct method provides information which may be useful in estimating future cash flows and which is not available under the indirect method and is, therefore, considered more appropriate than the indirect method. Under the direct method, information about major classes of gross cash receipts and gross cash payments may be obtained either : (a) from the accounting records of the enterprise; or (b) by adjusting sales, cost of sales (interest and similar income and interest expense and similar charges for a financial enterprise) and other items in the statment of profit and loss for : (i) changes during the period in inventories and operating receivables and payables; (ii) other non-cash items; and (iii) other items for which the cash effects are investing or financing cash flows. Under the indirect method, the net cash flow from operating activies is determined by adjusting net profit or loss for the effects of : (a) changes during the period in inventories and operating receivables and payables; © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.20 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies (b) non-cash items such as depreciation, provisions, deferred taxes and unrealised foreign exchange gains and losses; and (c) all other items for which the cash effects are investing or financing cash flows. Alternatively, the net cash flow from operating activities may be presented under the indirect method by showing the operating revenues and expenses, excluding non-cash items disclosed in the statement of profit and loss and the changes during the period in inventories and operating receivables and payables. Question 3 Examine the following schedule prepared by K Ltd. Schedule of funds provided by operations for the year ended 31st July, 2011 (Rs.’000) (Rs.’000) Sales 32,760 Add : Decrease in bills receivable. 1,000 Less : Increase in accounts receivable (626) Inflow from operating revenues 33,134 Cost of goods sold 18,588 Less : Decrease in inventories (212) Add : Decrease in trades payable 81 18,457 Wages and Salaries 5,284 Less : Increase in wages payable (12) 5,272 Administrative Expenses 3,066 Add : Increase in prepaid expenses 11 3,077 Property taxes 428 Interest expenses 532 Add : Amortisation of premium on bonds payable 20 552 Outflow from operating expenses 27,786 From operations 5,348 Rent Income 207 Add : Increase in unearned rent 3 210 5,558 Income tax 1,330 Less : Increase in deferred tax 50 1,280 Funds from operations 4,278 Required : (i) What is the definition of funds shown in the schedule? © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.21 Accounting (ii) What amount was reported as gross margin in the income statement? (iii) How much cash was collected from the customers? (iv) How much cash was paid for the purchases made? (v) As a result of change in inventories, did the working capital increase or decrease and by what amount? (vi) How much rent was actually earned during the year? (vii) What was the amount of tax expenses reported on the income statement? (viii) Can you reconcile the profit after tax-with the funds provided by the operations? (May, 2000) Answer (i) ‘Funds’ shown in the schedule refer to the cash and cash equivalents [as defined in AS 3 (Revised) on Cash Flow Statements]. (ii) Gross margin in the income statement: Rs. (’000) Sales 32,760 Cost of goods sold (18,588) 14,172 (iii) Cash collected from the customers 33,134 (iv) Cash paid for purchases made 18,457 (v) Change in inventories would reduce the working capital by 212 (vi) Rental income earned during the year 207 (vii) Tax expenses reported in the income statement 1330 (Viii) Reconciliation Statement Rs.(’000) Profit after tax (See W.N.) 3,719 Decrease in bills receivable 1,000 Increase in accounts receivable (626) Decrease in inventories 212 Decrease in trades payable (81) Increase in wages payable 12 Increase in prepaid expenses (11) Increase in unearned rent 3 Increase in deferred tax 50 Funds from operations as shown in the schedule 4,278 (i.e. cash and cash equivalents) © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.22 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Working Note : Calculation of Profit after Tax Rs. (’000) Sales 32,760 Less : Cost of goods sold 18,588 Gross margin 14,172 Add : Rental income 207 14,379 Less : Wages and salaries 5,284 Administrative expenses 3,066 Property taxes 428 Interest expenses 532 Amortisation of premium on bonds payable 20 9,330 Profit before tax 5,049 Less : Income tax 1,330 Profit after tax 3,719 Question 4 Ms. Joyti of Star Oils Limited has collected the following information for the preparation of cash flow statement for the year 2011 : (Rs. in lakhs) Net Profit 25,000 Dividend (including dividend tax) paid 8,535 Provision for Income tax 5,000 Income tax paid during the year 4,248 Loss on sale of assets (net) 40 Book value of the assets sold 185 Depreciation charged to Profit & Loss Account 20,000 Amortisation of Capital grant 6 Profit on sale of Investments 100 Carrying amount of Investment sold 27,765 Interest income on investments 2,506 Increase expenses 10,000 Interest paid during the year 10,520 Increase in Working Capital (excluding Cash & Bank Balance) 56,075 Purchase of fixed assets 14,560 Investment in joint venture 3,850 Expenditure on construction work in progress 34,740 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.23 Accounting Proceeds from calls in arrear 2 Receipt of grant for capital projects 12 Proceeds from long-term borrowings 25,980 Proceeds from short-term borrowings 20,575 Opening cash and Bank balance 5,003 Closing cash and Bank balance 6,988 Required : Prepare the Cash Flow Statement for the year 2011 in accordance with AS 3, Cash Flow Statements issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. (make necessary assumptions). (May, 2001) Answer Star Oils Limited Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 31st December, 2011 (Rs. in lakhs) Cash flows from operating activities Net profit before taxation (25,000 + 5,000) 30,000 Adjustments for : Depreciation 20,000 Loss on sale of assets (Net) 40 Amortisation of capital grant (6) Profit on sale of investments (100) Interest income on investments (2,506) Interest expenses 10,000 Operating profit before working capital changes 57,428 Changes in working capital (Excluding cash and bank balance) (56,075) Cash generated from operations 1,353 Income taxes paid (4,248) Net cash used in operating activities (2,895) Cash flows from investing activities Sale of assets 145 Sale of investments (27,765 + 100) 27,865 Interest income on investments 2,506 Purchase of fixed assets (14,560) Investment in joint venture (3,850) Expenditure on construction work-in progress (34,740) © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.24 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Net cash used in investing activities (22,634) Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from calls in arrear 2 Receipts of grant for capital projects 12 Proceeds from long-term borrowings 25,980 Proceed from short-term borrowings 20,575 Interest paid (10,520) Dividend (including dividend tax) paid (8,535) 27,514 Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 1,985 Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period 5,003 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 6,988 Working note : Book value of the assets sold 185 Less : Loss on sale of assets 40 Proceeds on sale 145 Assumption : Interest income on investments Rs. 2,506 has been received during the year. Question 5 From the following Summary Cash Account of X Ltd. prepare Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 31st March, 2011 in accordance with AS 3 (Revised) using the direct method. The company does not have any cash equivalents. (November, 2001) Summary Cash Account for the year ended 31.3.2011 Rs. ’000 Rs. ’000 Balance on 1.4.2010 50 Payment to Suppliers 2,000 Issue of Equity Shares 300 Purchase of Fixed Assets 200 Receipts from Customers 2,800 Overhead expense 200 Sale of Fixed Assets 100 Wages and Salaries 100 Taxation 250 Dividend 50 Repayment of Bank Loan 300 Balance on 31.3.2011 150 3,250 3,250 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.25 Accounting Answer X Ltd. Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 31st March, 2011 (Using the direct method) Rs. ’000 Rs.’000 Cash flows from operating activities Cash receipts from customers 2,800 Cash payments to suppliers (2,000) Cash paid to employees (100) Cash payments for overheads (200) Cash generated from operations 500 Income tax paid (250) Net cash from operating activities 250 Cash flows from investing activities Payments for purchase of fixed assets (200) Proceeds from sale of fixed assets 100 Net cash used in investing activities (100) Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from issuance of equity shares 300 Bank loan repaid (300) Dividend paid (50) Net cash used in financing activities (50) Net increase in cash 100 Cash at beginning of the period 50 Cash at end of the period 150 Question 6 From the following details relating to the Accounts of Grow More Ltd. prepare Cash Flow Statement: Liabilities 31.03.2011 (Rs.) 31.03.2010 (Rs.) Share Capital 10,00,000 8,00,000 Reserve 2,00,000 1,50,000 Profit and Loss Account 1,00,000 60,000 Debentures 2,00,000 – Provision for taxation 1,00,000 70,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.26 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Proposed dividend 2,00,000 1,00,000 Sundry Creditors 7,00,000 8,20,000 25,00,000 20,00,000 Assets Plant and Machinery 7,00,000 5,00,000 Land and Building 6,00,000 4,00,000 Investments 1,00,000 – Sundry Debtors 5,00,000 7,00,000 Stock 4,00,000 2,00,000 Cash on hand/Bank 2,00,000 2,00,000 25,00,000 20,00,000 (i) Depreciation @ 25% was charged on the opening value of Plant and Machinery. (ii) During the year one old machine costing 50,000 (WDV 20,000) was sold for Rs. 35,000. (iii) Rs. 50,000 was paid towards Income tax during the year. (iv) Building under construction was not subject to any depreciation. Prepare Cash flow Statement. (November, 2002) Answer Grow More Ltd Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 31st March, 2011 Cash Flow from Operating Activities Net Profit 40,000 Proposed Dividend 2,00,000 Provision for taxation 80,000 Transfer to General Reserve 50,000 Depreciation 1,25,000 Profit on sale of Plant and Machinery (15,000) Operating Profit before Working Capital 4,80,000 changes Increase in Stock (2,00,000) Decrease in debtors 2,00,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.27 Accounting Decrease in creditors (1,20,000) Cash generated from operations 3,60,000 Income tax paid (50,000) Net Cash from operating activities 3,10,000 Cash Flow from Inventing Activities Purchase of fixed assets (3,45,000) Expenses on building (2,00,000) Increase in investments (1,00,000) Sale of old machine 35,000 Net Cash used in investing activities (6,10,000) Cash Flow from financing activities Proceeds from issue of shares 2,00,000 Proceeds from issue of debentures 2,00,000 Dividend paid (1,00,000) Net cash used in financing activities 3,00,000 Net increase in cash or cash equivalents NIL Cash and Cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 2,00,000 Cash and Cash equivalents at the end of the year 2,00,000 Working Notes: Provision for taxation account Rs. Rs. To Cash (Paid) 50,000 By Balance b/d 70,000 To Balance c/d 1,00,000 By Profit and Loss A/c 80,000 (Balancing figure) 1,50,000 1,50,000 Plant and Machinery account Rs. Rs. To Balance b/d 5,00,000 By Depreciation 1,25,000 To Cash (Balancing figure) 3,45,000 By Cash (sale of machine) 20,000 _______ By Balance c/d 7,00,000 8,45,000 8,45,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.28 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Question 7 From the following Balance Sheet and information, prepare Cash Flow Statement of Ryan Ltd. for the year ended 31st March, 2011: Balance Sheet 31st March, 2011 31st March, 2010 Rs. Rs. Liabilities Equity Share Capital 6,00,000 5,00,000 10% Redeemable Preference Capital – 2,00,000 Capital Redemption Reserve 1,00,000 – Capital Reserve 1,00,000 – General Reserve 1,00,000 2,50,000 Profit and Loss Account 70,000 50,000 9% Debentures 2,00,000 – Sundry Creditors 95,000 80,000 Bills Payable 20,000 30,000 Liabilities for Expenses 30,000 20,000 Provision for Taxation 95,000 60,000 Proposed Dividend 90,000 60,000 15,00,000 12,50,000 31st March, 2011 31st March, 2010 Rs. Rs. Assets Land and Building 1,50,000 2,00,000 Plant and Machinery 7,65,000 5,00,000 Investments 50,000 80,000 Inventory 95,000 90,000 Bills Receivable 65,000 70,000 Sundry Debtors 1,75,000 1,30,000 Cash and Bank 65,000 90,000 Preliminary Expenses 10,000 25,000 Voluntary Separation Payments 1,25,000 65,000 15,00,000 12,50,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.29 Accounting Additional Information: (i) A piece of land has been sold out for Rs. 1,50,000 (Cost – Rs. 1,20,000) and the balance land was revalued. Capital Reserve consisted of profit on sale and profit on revaluation. (ii) On 1st April, 2010 a plant was sold for Rs. 90,000 (Original Cost – Rs. 70,000 and W.D.V. – Rs. 50,000) and Debentures worth Rs. 1 lakh was issued at par as part consideration for plant of Rs. 4.5 lakhs acquired. (iii) Part of the investments (Cost – Rs. 50,000) was sold for Rs. 70,000. (iv) Pre-acquisition dividend received Rs. 5,000 was adjusted against cost of investment. (v) Directors have proposed 15% dividend for the current year. (vi) Voluntary separation cost of Rs. 50,000 was adjusted against General Reserve. (vii) Income-tax liability for the current year was estimated at Rs. 1,35,000. (viii) Depreciation @ 15% has been written off from Plant account but no depreciation has been charged on Land and Building. (May, 2003) Answer Cash Flow Statement of Ryan Limited For the year ended 31st March, 2011 Cash flow from operating activities Rs. Rs. Net Profit before taxation 2,45,000 Adjustment for Depreciation 1,35,000 Preliminary expenses 15,000 Profit on sale of plant (40,000) Profit on sale of investments (20,000) Interest on debentures 18,000 Operating profit before working capital changes 3,53,000 Increase in inventory (5,000) Decrease in bills receivable 5,000 Increase in debtors (45,000) Increase in creditors 15,000 Decrease in bills payable (10,000) Increase in accrued liabilities 10,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.30 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Cash generated from operations 3,23,000 Income taxes paid (1,00,000) 2,23,000 Voluntary separation payments (1,10,000) Net cash from operating activities 1,13,000 Cash flow from investing activities Proceeds from sale of land 1,50,000 Proceeds from sale of plant 90,000 Proceeds from sale of investments 70,000 Purchase of plant (3,50,000) Purchase of investments (25,000) Pre-acquisition dividend received 5,000 Net cash used in investing activities (60,000) Cash flow from financing activities Proceeds from issue of equity shares 1,00,000 Proceeds from issue of debentures 1,00,000 Redemption of preference shares (2,00,000) Dividends paid (60,000) Interest paid on debentures (18,000) Net cash used in financing activities (78,000) Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (25,000) Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 90,000 Cash and Cash equivalents at the end of the year 65,000 Working Notes: 1. Rs. Net profit before taxation Retained profit 70,000 Less: Balance as on 31.3.2010 (50,000) 20,000 Provision for taxation 1,35,000 Proposed dividend 90,000 2,45,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.31 Accounting 2. Land and Building Account Rs. Rs. To Balance b/d 2,00,000 By Cash (Sale) 1,50,000 To Capital reserve (Profit on sale) 30,000 By Balance c/d 1,50,000 To Capital reserve (Revaluation profit) 70,000 _______ 3,00,000 3,00,000 3. Plant and Machinery Account Rs. Rs. To Balance b/d 5,00,000 By Cash (Sale) 90,000 To Profit and loss account 40,000 By Depreciation 1,35,000 To Debentures 1,00,000 By Balance c/d 7,65,000 To Bank 3,50,000 9,90,000 9,90,000 4. Investments Account Rs. Rs. To Balance b/d 80,000 By Cash (Sale) 70,000 To Profit and loss account 20,000 By Dividend To Bank (Balancing figure) 25,000 (Pre-acquisition) 5,000 _______ By Balance c/d 50,000 1,25,000 1,25,000 5. Capital Reserve Account Rs. Rs. To Balance c/d 1,00,000 By Profit on sale of land 30,000 By Profit on revaluation _______ of land 70,000 1,00,000 1,00,000 6. General Reserve Account Rs. Rs. To Voluntary separation cost 50,000 By Balance b/d 2,50,000 To Capital redemption reserve 1,00,000 To Balance c/d 1,00,000 _______ 2,50,000 2,50,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.32 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies 7. Proposed Dividend Account Rs. Rs. To Bank (Balancing figure) 60,000 By Balance b/d 60,000 To Balance c/d 90,000 By Profit and loss account 90,000 1,50,000 1,50,000 8. Provision for Taxation Account Rs. Rs. To Bank (Balancing figure) 1,00,000 By Balance b/d 60,000 To Balance c/d 95,000 By Profit and loss account 1,35,000 1,95,000 1,95,000 9. Voluntary Separation Payments Account Rs. Rs. To Balance b/d 65,000 By General reserve 50,000 To Bank (Balancing figure) 1,10,000 By Balance c/d 1,25,000 1,75,000 1,75,000 Note: Cash Flow statement has been prepared using ‘indirect method’. Question 8 The Balance Sheet of New Light Ltd. for the years ended 31st March, 2010 and 2011 are as follows: Liabilities 31st 31st Assets 31st 31st March March March March 2010 2011 2010 2011 (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) Equity share capital 12,00,000 16,00,000 Fixed Assets 32,00,000 38,00,000 10% Preference Less: Depreciation 9,20,000 11,60,000 share capital 4,00,000 2,80,000 22,80,000 26,40,000 Capital Reserve – 40,000 Investment 4,00,000 3,20,000 General Reserve 6,80,000 8,00,000 Cash 10,000 10,000 Profit and Loss A/c 2,40,000 3,00,000 Other current assets 11,10,000 13,10,000 9% Debentures 4,00,000 2,80,000 Preliminary 80,000 40,000 expenses © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.33 Accounting Current liabilities 4,80,000 5,20,000 Proposed dividend 1,20,000 1,44,000 Provision for Tax 3,60,000 3,40,000 Unpaid dividend – 16,000 ________ ________ 38,80,000 43,20,000 38,80,000 43,20,000 Additional information: (i) The company sold one fixed asset for Rs. 1,00,000, the cost of which was Rs. 2,00,000 and the depreciation provided on it was Rs. 80,000. (ii) The company also decided to write off another fixed asset costing Rs. 56,000 on which depreciation amounting to Rs. 40,000 has been provided. (iii) Depreciation on fixed assets provided Rs. 3,60,000. (iv) Company sold some investment at a profit of Rs. 40,000, which was credited to capital reserve. (v) Debentures and preference share capital redeemed at 5% premium. (vi) Company decided to value stock at cost, whereas previously the practice was to value stock at cost less 10%. The stock according to books on 31.3.2010 was Rs. 2,16,000. The stock on 31.3.2011 was correctly valued at Rs. 3,00,000. Prepare Cash Flow Statement as per revised Accounting Standard 3 by indirect method. (November, 2003) Answer New Light Ltd. Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 31st March, 2011 A. Cash Flow from operating activities Rs. Rs. Profit after appropriation Increase in profit and loss A/c after inventory adjustment [Rs.3,00,000 – (Rs.2,40,000 + Rs.24,000)] 36,000 Transfer to general reserve 1,20,000 Proposed dividend 1,44,000 Provision for tax 3,40,000 Net profit before taxation and extraordinary item 6,40,000 Adjustments for: Preliminary expenses written off 40,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.34 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Depreciation 3,60,000 Loss on sale of fixed assets 20,000 Decrease in value of fixed assets 16,000 Premium on redemption of preference share capital 6,000 Premium on redemption of debentures 6,000 Operating profit before working capital changes 10,88,000 Increase in current liabilities (Rs.5,20,000 –Rs.4,80,000) 40,000 Increase in other current assets [Rs.13,10,000 – (Rs.11,10,000 + Rs.24,000)] (1,76,000) Cash generated from operations 9,52,000 Income taxes paid (3,60,000) Net Cash from operating activities 5,92,000 B. Cash Flow from investing activities Purchase of fixed assets (8,56,000) Proceeds from sale of fixed assets 1,00,000 Proceeds from sale of investments 1,20,000 Net Cash from investing activities (6,36,000) C. Cash Flow from financing activities Proceeds from issuance of share capital 4,00,000 Redemption of preference share capital (1,26,000) (Rs.1,20,000 + Rs.6,000) Redemption of debentures (Rs. 1,20,000 + Rs. 6,000) (1,26,000) Dividend paid (1,04,000) Net Cash from financing activities 44,000 Net increase/decrease in cash and cash equivalent during the year Nil Cash and cash equivalent at the beginning of the year 10,000 Cash and cash equivalent at the end of the year 10,000 Working Notes: 1. Revaluation of stock will increase opening stock by Rs. 24,000. 2,16,000 × 10 = Rs. 24,000 90 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.35 Accounting Therefore, opening balance of other current assets would be as follows: Rs. 11,10,000 + Rs. 24,000 = Rs. 11,34,000 Due to under valuation of stock, the opening balance of profit and loss account be increased by Rs. 24,000. The opening balance of profit and loss account after revaluation of stock will be Rs. 2,40,000 + Rs. 24,000 = Rs. 2,64,000 2. Investment Account Rs. Rs. To Balance b/d 4,00,000 By Bank A/c 1,20,000 To Capital reserve A/c (balancing figure being (Profit on sale of investment sold) investment) 40,000 By Balance c/d 3,20,000 4,40,000 4,40,000 3. Fixed Assets Account Rs. Rs. Rs. To Balance b/d 32,00,000 By Bank A/c (sale of assets) 1,00,000 To Bank A/c 8,56,000 By Accumulated (balancing figure depreciation A/c 80,000 being assets By Profit and loss A/c(loss purchased) on sale of assets) 20,000 2,00,000 By Accumulated depreciation A/c 40,000 By Profit and loss A/c (assets written off) 16,000 56,000 By Balance c/d 38,00,000 40,56,000 40,56,000 4. Accumulated Depreciation Account Rs. Rs. To Fixed assets A/c 80,000 By Balance b/d 9,20,000 To Fixed assets A/c 40,000 By Profit and loss A/c To Balance c/d 11,60,000 (depreciation for the period) 3,60,000 12,80,000 12,80,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.36 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies 5. Unpaid dividend is taken as non-current item and dividend paid is shown at Rs. 1,04,000 (Rs.1,20,000 – Rs.16,000). Note: Alternatively, unpaid dividend can be assumed as current liability and hence, dividend paid can be shown at Rs. 1,20,000. Due to this assumption cash flow from operating activities would be affected. The cash flow from operating activities will increase by Rs. 16,000 to Rs. 6,08,000 and cash flow from financing activities will get reduced by Rs. 16,000 to Rs. 28,000. Question 9 ABC Ltd. gives you the following information. You are required to prepare Cash Flow Statement by using indirect methods as per AS 3 for the year ended 31.03.2011: Balance Sheet as on Liabilities 31st 31st March Assets 31st 31st March March 2011 March 2011 2010 2010 Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. Capital 50,00,000 50,00,000 Plant & Machinery 27,30,000 40,70,000 Retained Earnings 26,50,000 36,90,000 Less: Depreciation 6,10,000 7,90,000 Debentures ― 9,00,000 21,20,000 32,80,000 Current Liabilities Current Assets Creditors 8,80,000 8,20,000 Debtors 23,90,000 28,30,000 Bank Loan 1,50,000 3,00,000 Less: Provision 1,50,000 1,90,000 Liability for expenses 3,30,000 2,70,000 22,40,000 26,40,000 Dividend payable 1,50,000 3,00,000 Cash 15,20,000 18,20,000 Marketable 11,80,000 15,00,000 securities Inventories 20,10,000 19,20,000 Prepaid Expenses 90,000 1,20,000 91,60,000 1,12,80,000 91,60,000 1,12,80,000 Additional Information: (i) Net profit for the year ended 31st March, 2011, after charging depreciation Rs. 1,80,000 is Rs. 22,40,000. (ii) Debtors of Rs. 2,30,000 were determined to be worthless and were written off against the provisions for doubtful debts account during the year. (iii) ABC Ltd. declared dividend of Rs. 12,00,000 for the year 2010-2011. (May, 2004) © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.37 Accounting Answer Cash flow Statement of ABC Ltd. for the year ended 31.3.2011 Cash flows from Operating activities Rs. Rs. Net Profit 22,40,000 Add: Adjustment for Depreciation (Rs.7,90,000 – Rs.6,10,000) 1,80,000 Operating profit before working capital changes 24,20,000 Add: Decrease in Inventories (Rs.20,10,000 – Rs.19,20,000) 90,000 Increase in provision for doubtful debts (Rs. 4,20,000 – Rs.1,50,000) 2,70,000 27,80,000 Less: Increase in Current Assets: Debtors (Rs. 30,60,000 – Rs.23,90,000) 6,70,000 Prepaid expenses (Rs. 1,20,000 – Rs.90,000) 30,000 Decrease in current liabilities: Creditors (Rs. 8,80,000 – Rs. 8,20,000) 60,000 Expenses outstanding (Rs. 3,30,000 – Rs.2,70,000) 60,000 8,20,000 Net cash from operating activities 19,60,000 Cash flows from Investing activities Purchase of Plant & Equipment (Rs. 40,70,000 – Rs.27,30,000) 13,40,000 Net cash used in investing activities (13,40,000) Cash flows from Financing Activities Bank loan raised (Rs. 3,00,000 – Rs. 1,50,000) 1,50,000 Issue of debentures 9,00,000 Payment of Dividend (Rs. 12,00,000 – Rs. 1,50,000) (10,50,000) Net cash used in financing activities NIL Net increase in cash during the year 6,20,000 Add: Cash and cash equivalents as on 1.4.2010 (Rs. 15,20,000 + Rs.11,80,000) 27,00,000 Cash and cash equivalents as on 31.3.2011 (Rs. 18,20,000 + Rs.15,00,000) 33,20,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.38 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Note: Bad debts amounting Rs. 2,30,000 were written off against provision for doubtful debts account during the year. In the above solution, Bad debts have been added back in the balances of provision for doubtful debts and debtors as on 31.3.2011. Alternatively, the adjustment of writing off bad debts may be ignored and the solution can be given on the basis of figures of debtors and provision for doubtful debts as appearing in the balance sheet on 31.3.2011. Question 10 The following figures have been extracted from the Books of X Limited for the year ended on 31.3.2011. You are required to prepare a cash flow statement. (i) Net profit before taking into account income tax and income from law suits but after taking into account the following items was Rs. 20 lakhs: (a) Depreciation on Fixed Assets Rs. 5 lakhs. (b) Discount on issue of Debentures written off Rs. 30,000. (c) Interest on Debentures paid Rs. 3,50,000. (d) Book value of investments Rs. 3 lakhs (Sale of Investments for Rs. 3,20,000). (e) Interest received on investments Rs. 60,000. (f) Compensation received Rs. 90,000 by the company in a suit filed. (ii) Income tax paid during the year Rs. 10,50,000. (iii) 15,000, 10% preference shares of Rs. 100 each were redeemed on 31.3.2011 at a premium of 5%. Further the company issued 50,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each at a premium of 20% on 2.4.2010. Dividend on preference shares were paid at the time of redemption. (iv) Dividends paid for the year 2009-2010 Rs. 5 lakhs and interim dividend paid Rs. 3 lakhs for the year 2010-2011. (v) Land was purchased on 2.4.2010 for Rs. 2,40,000 for which the company issued 20,000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each at a premium of 20% to the land owner as consideration. (vi) Current assets and current liabilities in the beginning and at the end of the years were as detailed below: (November, 2004) As on 31.3.2010 As on 31.3.2011 Rs. Rs. Stock 12,00,000 13,18,000 Sundry Debtors 2,08,000 2,13,100 Cash in hand 1,96,300 35,300 Bills receivable 50,000 40,000 Bills payable 45,000 40,000 Sundry Creditors 1,66,000 1,71,300 Outstanding expenses 75,000 81,800 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.39 Accounting Answer X Ltd. Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 31st March, 2011 Rs. Rs. Cash flow from Operating Activities Net profit before income tax and extraordinary items: 20,00,000 Adjustments for: Depreciation on fixed assets 5,00,000 Discount on issue of debentures 30,000 Interest on debentures paid 3,50,000 Interest on investments received (60,000) Profit on sale of investments (20,000) 8,00,000 Operating profit before working capital changes 28,00,000 Adjustments for: Increase in stock (1,18,000) Increase in sundry debtors (5,100) Decrease in bills receivable 10,000 Decrease in bills payable (5,000) Increase in sundry creditors 5,300 Increase in outstanding expenses 6,800 (1,06,000) Cash generated from operations 26,94,000 Income tax paid (10,50,000) 16,44,000 Cash flow from extraordinary items: Compensation received in a suit filed 90,000 Net cash flow from operating activities 17,34,000 Cash flow from Investing Activities Sale proceeds of investments 3,20,000 Interest received on investments 60,000 Net cash flow from investing activities 3,80,000 Cash flow from Financing Activities © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.40 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Proceeds by issue of equity shares at 20% premium 6,00,000 Redemption of preference shares at 5% premium (15,75,000) Preference dividend paid (1,50,000) Interest on debentures paid (3,50,000) Dividend paid (5,00,000 + 3,00,000) (8,00,000) Net cash used in financing activities (22,75,000) Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents during the year (1,61,000) Add: Cash and cash equivalents as on 31.3.2010 1,96,300 Cash and cash equivalents as on 31.3.2011 35,300 Note: Purchase of land in exchange of equity shares (issued at 20% premium) has not been considered in the cash flow statement as it does not involve any cash transaction. Question 11 Raj Ltd. gives you the following information for the year ended 31st March, 2011: (i) Sales for the year Rs.48,00,000. The Company sold goods for cash only. (ii) Cost of goods sold was 75% of sales. (iii) Closing inventory was higher than opening inventory by Rs.50,000. (i) Trade creditors on 31.3.2011 exceed the outstanding on 31.3.2010 by Rs.1,00,000. (ii) Tax paid during the year amounts to Rs.1,50,000. (iii) Amounts paid to Trade creditors during the year Rs.35,50,000. (iv) Administrative and Selling expenses paid Rs.3,60,000. (v) One new machinery was acquired in December, 2010 for Rs.6,00,000. (vi) Dividend paid during the year Rs.1,20,000. (vii) Cash in hand and at Bank on 31.3.2011 Rs.70,000. (viii) Cash in hand and at Bank on 1.4.2010 Rs.50,000. Prepare Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 31.3.2011 as per the prescribed Accounting standard. (May, 2006) Answer Cash flow statement of Raj Limited for the year ended 31.3.2011 Direct Method Cash flow from operating activities: Rs. Rs. Cash receipt from customers (sales) 48,00,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.41 Accounting Cash paid to suppliers and expenses (Rs.35,50,000 + Rs.3,60,000) 39,10,000 Cash flow from operation 8,90,000 Less: Tax paid 1,50,000 Net cash from operating activities 7,40,000 Cash flow from investing activities: Purchase of fixed assets (6,00,000) Net cash used in investing activities (6,00,000) Cash flow from financing activities: Dividend Paid (1,20,000) Net cash from financing activities (1,20,000) 20,000 Add: Opening balance of Cash in Hand and at Bank 50,000 Cash in Hand and at Bank on 31.3.2011 70,000 Question 12 The following are the summarized Balance Sheets of ‘X’ Ltd. as on March 31, 2010 and 2011: Liabilities As on 31.3.2010 As on 31.3.2011 (Rs.) (Rs,.) Equity share capital 10,00,000 12,50,000 Capital Reserve --- 10,000 General Reserve 2,50,000 3,00,000 Profit and Loss A/c 1,50,000 1,80,000 Long-term loan from the Bank 5,00,000 4,00,000 Sundry Creditors 5,00,000 4,00,000 Provision for Taxation 50,000 60,000 Proposed Dividends 1,00,000 1,25,000 25,50,000 27,25,000 Assets Year 2010 Year 2011 (Rs.) (Rs.) Land and Building 5,00,000 4,80,000 Machinery 7,50,000 9,20,000 Investment 1,00,000 50,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.42 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Stock 3,00,000 2,80,000 Sundry Debtors 4,00,000 4,20,000 Cash in Hand 2,00,000 1,65,000 Cash at Bank 3,00,000 4,10,000 25,50,000 27,25,000 Additional Information: (i) Dividend of Rs.1,00,000 was paid during the year ended March 31, 2011. (ii) Machinery during the year purchased for Rs.1,25,000. (iii) Machinery of another company was purchased for a consideration of Rs.1,00,000 payable in equity shares. (iv) Income-tax provided during the year Rs.55,000. (v) Company sold some investment at a profit of Rs.10,000, which was credited to Capital reserve. (vi) There was no sale of machinery during the year. (vii) Depreciation written off on Land and Building Rs.20,000. From the above particulars, prepare a cash flow statement for the year ended March, 2011 as per AS 3 (Indirect method). (November, 2006) Answer Cash Flow Statement for the year ending on March 31, 2011 Rs. Rs. I. Cash flows from Operating Activities Net profit made during the year (W.N.1) 2,60,000 Adjustment for depreciation on Machinery (W.N.2) 55,000 Adjustment for depreciation on Land & Building 20,000 Operating profit before change in Working Capital 3,35,000 Decrease in Stock 20,000 Increase in Sundry Debtors (20,000) Decrease in Sundry Creditors (1,00,000) Income-tax paid (45,000) Net cash from operating activities 1,90,000 II. Cash flows from Investing Activities Purchase on Machinery (1,25,000) © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.43 Accounting Sale of Investments 60,000 (65,000) III. Cash flows from Financing Activities Issue of equity shares (2,50,000-1,00,000) 1,50,000 Repayment of Long term loan (1,00,000) Dividend paid (1,00,000) (50,000) Net increase in cash and cash equivalent 75,000 Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period 5,00,000 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 5,75,000 Working Notes: (i) Net Profit made during the year ended 31.3.2011 Rs. Increase in P & L (Cr.) Balance 30,000 Add: Transfer to general reserve 50,000 Add: Provision for taxation made during the year 55,000 Add: Provided for proposed dividend during the year 1,25,000 2,60,000 (ii) Machinery Account Rs. Rs. To Balance b/d 7,50,000 By Depreciation (Bal. Fig.) 55,000 To Bank 1,25,000 By Balance c/d 9,20,000 To Equity share capital 1,00,000 9,75,000 9,75,000 (iii) Provision for Taxation Account Rs. Rs. To Cash (Bal. Fig.) 45,000 By Balance b/d 50,000 To Balance c/d 60,000 By P & L A/c 55,000 1,05,000 1,05,000 (iv) Proposed Dividend Account Rs. Rs. To Bank 1,00,000 By Balance b/d 1,00,000 To Balance c/d 1,25,000 By P & L A/c (Bal. Fig.) 1,25,000 2,25,000 2,25,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.44 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies (v) Investment Account Rs. Rs. To Balance b/d 1,00,000 By Bank A/c 60,000 To Capital Reserve A/c (Profit (Balancing figure for on sale of investment) 10,000 investment sold) By Balance c/d 50,000 1,10,000 1,10,000 Question 13 From the following information, prepare cash flow statement of A (P) Ltd. as at 31st March, 2010 by using indirect method: Balance Sheet 2009 2010 Rs. Rs. Liabilities: Share capital 12,00,000 12,00,000 Profit and loss account 8,50,000 10,00,000 Long term loans 10,00,000 10,60,000 Creditors 3,50,000 4,00,000 34,00,000 36,60,000 Assets: Fixed assets 17,00,000 20,00,000 Investment in shares 2,00,000 2,00,000 Stock 6,80,000 7,00,000 Debtors 7,20,000 6,60,000 Cash 60,000 70,000 Bills receivable 40,000 30,000 34,00,000 36,60,000 Income Statement for the year ended 31st March, 2010 Rs. Sales 40,80,000 Less: Cost of sales (27,20,000) Gross profit 13,60,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.45 Accounting Less: Operating expenses: Administrative expenses (4,60,000) Depreciation (2,20,000) (6,80,000) Operating profit 6,80,000 Add: Non-operating incomes (dividend received) 50,000 7,30,000 Less: Interest paid (1,40,000) Profit before tax 5,90,000 Less: Income-tax (2,60,000) Profit after tax 3,30,000 Statement of Retained Earnings Rs. Opening balance 8,50,000 Add: Profit 3,30,000 11,80,000 Less: Dividend paid (1,80,000) Closing balance 10,00,000 (May, 2010) Answer Cash Flow Statement of A (P) Ltd. for the year ended 31st March 2010 Rs. Rs. (i) Cash flows from operating activities Profit before tax 5,90,000 Adjustments for Depreciation 2,20,000 Interest 1,40,000 Dividend (50,000) Operating profit before working capital changes 9,00,000 Add: Decrease in bills receivable 10,000 Decrease in debtors 60,000 Increase in creditors 50,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.46 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies 10,20,000 Less: Increase in stock (20,000) Cash generated from operations 10,00,000 Less: Tax paid (2,60,000) Cash flow from operating activities 7,40,000 (ii) Cash flows from investing activities Purchase of fixed assets (5,20,000) [20,00,000+2,20,000-17,00,000] Dividend on investments 50,000 Cash used in investing activities (4,70,000) (iii) Cash flows from financing activities Long term loan taken 60,000 Interest paid (1,40,000) Dividend paid (1,80,000) Cash used in financing activities (2,60,000) Net increase in cash during the year 10,000 Add: Opening cash balance 60,000 Closing cash balance 70,000 Question 14 The Balance Sheets of X Ltd. as on 31st March, 2010 and 31st March, 2011 are as follows: Liabilities 2010 2011 Assets 2010 2011 Amount Amount Amount Amount (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) Share Capital 5,00,000 7,00,000 Land and Buildings 80,000 1,20,000 General Reserve 50,000 70,000 Plant and 5,00,000 8,00,000 Machinery Profit and Loss A/c 1,00,000 1,60,000 Stock 1,00,000 75,000 Sundry Creditors 1,53,000 1,90,000 Sundry Debtors 1,50,000 1,60,000 Bills Payable 40,000 50,000 Cash 20,000 20,000 Outstanding Expenses 7,000 5,000 8,50,000 11,75,000 8,50,000 11,75,000 Additional Information: (a) Rs.50,000 depreciation has been charged to Plant and Machinery during the year 2011. © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.47 Accounting (b) A piece of Machinery costing Rs.12,000 (Depreciation provided there on Rs.7,000) was sold at 60% profit on book value. You are required to prepare Cash flow statement for the year ended 31st March 2011 as per AS 3 (revised), using indirect method. (June, 2009) Answer Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 31st March, 2011 Amount Amount Rs. Rs. I Cash Flows from Operating Activities Closing Balance as per Profit & Loss A/c 1,60,000 Less: Opening Balance as per Profit & Loss A/c (1,00,000) 60,000 Add: Transfer to General Reserve 20,000 Net Profit before taxation and extra-ordinary items 80,000 Add: Depreciation on Plant and Machinery 50,000 Less: Profit on sale of machinery (Refer W.N.) (3,000) Operating Profit 1,27,000 Add: Decrease in Stock 25,000 Increase in Creditors 37,000 Increase in Bills Payable 10,000 72,000 1,99,000 Less: Increase in Debtors (10,000) Decrease in Outstanding expenses (2,000) (12,000) Net Cash from Operating Activities 1,87,000 II. Cash Flows from Investing Activities Purchase of Land & Building (40,000) Proceeds from Sale of Machinery (Refer W.N.) 8,000 Purchases of Plant & Machinery (Refer W.N.) (3,55,000) Net Cash Used in Investing Activities (3,87,000) III. Cash Flows from Financing Activities Proceeds from Issuance of Share Capital 2,00,000 Net Cash from Financing Activities 2,00,000 © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.48 Preparation of Financial Statements of Companies Net Increase/Decrease in Cash & Cash Equivalents 0 Add: Cash in hand at the beginning of the year 20,000 Cash in hand at the end of the year 20,000 Working Note: Plant and Machinery Account Rs. Rs. To Balance b/d 5,00,000 By Bank 8,000∗ To Profit and Loss A/c (Profit on sale) 3,000 By Depreciation 50,000 To Purchases (Bal. fig.) 3,55,000 By Balance c/d 8,00,000 8,58,000 8,58,000 Question 15 The following are the summarized Balance Sheet of Star Ltd. as on 31st March, 2010 and 2011: (Rs.’000) 2010 2011 Equity share capital of Rs.10 each 3,400 3,800 Profit and Loss A/c 400 540 Securities Premium 40 80 14% Debentures 800 900 Long term borrowings 180 240 Sundry Creditors 360 440 Provision for Taxation 20 40 Proposed Dividend 300 480 5,500 6,520 Sundry Fixed Assets: Gross Block 3,200 4,000 Less: Depreciation 640 1,440 Net Block 2,560 2,560 Investment 1,200 1,400 Inventories 1,000 1,400 Sundry Debtors 640 900 ∗ 160% of (12,000-7,000) = Rs.8,000. © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.49 Accounting Cash and Bank Balance 100 260 5,500 6,520 The Profit and Loss account for the year ended 31st March, 2011 disclosed: (Rs.’000) Profit before tax 780 Less: Taxation (160) Profit after tax 620 Less: Proposed dividend (480) Retained Profit 140 The following information are also available: (1) 40,000 equity shares issued at a premium of Re.1 per share. (2) The Company paid taxes of Rs.1,40,000 for the year 2010-11. (3) During the period, it discarded fixed assets costing Rs.4 lacs, (accumulated depreciation Rs.80,000) at Rs.40,000 only. You are required to prepare a cash flow statement as per AS 3 (Revised), using indirect method. (November, 2009) Answer Cash Flow Statement for the year ended 31st March, 2011 Rs.(‘000) (A) Cash flow from operating activities Net profit before tax 780 Add: Adjustment for depreciation 880 Loss on sale of fixed assets 280 Interest on debentures∗ 126 Operating profit before changes in working capital 2,066 Less: Increase in Sundry Debtors (260) Less: Increase in Inventories (400) Add: Increase in Sundry Creditors 80 Cash generated from operations 1,486 Less: Income tax paid (W.N.1) (140) Net cash from operating activities 1,346 ∗ It is assumed that debentures of Rs. 1,00,000 were issued at the beginning of the year. © The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India 2.50