In the Books of X Ltd.
Journal Dr. Cr.
Date Particulars Rs. Rs.
Debentures Suspense A/c Dr. 15,00,000
To 14% First Mortgage Debentures A/c 15,00,000
(Being the issue of Rs. 15,00,000 debentures
collaterally as per Board’s Resolution
No…dated…)
Balance Sheet of X Limited as at….(includes)
Liabilities Rs. Assets Rs.
Secured Loan: Debentures Suspense Account 15,00,000
IDBI Loan 10,00,000 (issue of Rs. 15,00,000 14%
First Mortgage Debentures
as collateral security
Unsecured Loan: as per contra)
14% First Mortgage Debentures 15,00,000
Students should note that the Method 1 is much more logical from the accounting point
of view. Therefore we advice to follow Method 1.
8. ISSUE OF DEBENTURES IN CONSIDERATION OTHER THAN
FOR CASH
Just like shares, debentures can also be issued for consideration other than for cash, such as for
purchase of land, machinery, etc. In this case, the following entries are passed :
(a) Sundry Assets Account Dr. [Assets taken over]
To Sundry Liabilities Account [Liabilities assumed]
To Vendors Account [Purchase consideration]
(Being the assets and liabilities are taken over)
(b) Vendors Account Dr.
To Debentures Account
(Being the issue of….debentures to satisfy purchase consideration)
Illustration 13
X Company Limited issued 14% Debentures of the nominal value of Rs. 10,00,000 as follows:
(a) To sundry persons for cash at 90% Rs. 5,00,000 nomonal.
(b) To a vendor for Rs. 2,00,000 for purchase of fixed assets – Rs. 2,50,000 nominal.
(c) To the banker as collateral security for a loan of Rs. 1,00,000 – Rs. 2,50,000 nominal.
Pass necessary Journal Entries.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING 9.111
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ISSUE OF DEBENTURES
Solution
In the books of X Company Ltd.
Journal Entries
Particulars Dr. Cr.
Date Rs. Rs.
(a) Bank A/c Dr. 4,50,000
To Debentures Application A/c 4,50,000
(Being the application money received on 5,000
debentures @ Rs.90 each)
Debentures Application A/c Dr. 4,50,000
Discount on issue of Debentures A/c Dr. 50,000
To 14% Debentures A/c 5,00,000
(Being the issue of 5,000, 14% Debentures
@ 90% as per Board’s Resolution No….dated….)
(b) Fixed Assets A/c Dr. 2,00,000
To Vendor A/c 2,00,000
(Being the purchase of fixed assets from vendor)
Vendor A/c Dr. 2,00,000
Discount on Issue of Debentures A/c Dr. 50,000
To 14% Debentures A/c 2,50,000
(Being the issue of debentures of Rs.2,50,000 to
vendor to satisfy his claim)
(c) Bank A/c Dr. 1,00,000
To Bank Loan A/c (See Note) 1,00,000
(Being a loan of Rs. 1,00,000 taken from bank by
issuing debentures of Rs. 2,50,000 as collateral
security)
Note : No entry is made in the books of account of the company at the time of making issue of
such debentures. In the Balance Sheet the fact that the debentures being issued and outstanding
are shown under the respective liability.
9. TREATMENT OF DISCOUNT ON ISSUE OF DEBENTURES
The Discount on issue of debentures is amortised over a period between the issuance date and
redemption date. It should be written-off in the following manner depending upon the terms
of redemption:
(a) If the debentures are redeemable after a certain period of time, say at the end of 5 or 10
years, the total amount of discount should be written-off equally throughout the life of
the debentures (applying the straight line method). The main advantage of this method is
that it spreads the burden of discount equally over the years.
9.112 COMMON PROFICIENCY TEST
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(b) If the debentures are redeemable at different dates, the total amount of discount should be
written-off in the ratio of benefit derived from debenture loan in any particular year
(applying the sum of the year’s digit method). This method is suitable when debentures
are redeemed by unequal instalments.
(c) If the debentures are irredeemable, the discount should be written-off gradually over a
long period.
The accounting entries would be as follows :
Profit and Loss Account Dr.
To Discount on Issue of Debentures Account
(Being the amount of discount on issue of debentures written-off)
Illustration 14
HDC Ltd issues 10,000. 12% debentures of Rs. 100 each at Rs. 94 on 1st January, 2006. Under
the terms of issue, the debentures are redeemable at the end of 8 years from the date of the
issue. Calculate the amount of discount to be written-off in each of the 8 years.
Solution
Total amount of discount comes to Rs. 60,000 (Rs. 6 X 10,000). The amount of discount to be
written-off in each year is calculated as under :
Year end Debentures Ratio in which discount Amount of discount to be
outstanding to be written-off written-off
1st Rs. 10,00,000 1/8 1/8th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 7,500
2nd Rs. 10,00,000 1/8 1/8th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 7,500
3rd Rs. 10,00,000 1/8 1/8th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 7,500
4th Rs. 10,00,000 1/8 1/8th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 7,500
5th Rs. 10,00,000 1/8 1/8th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 7,500
6th Rs. 10,00,000 1/8 1/8th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 7,500
7th Rs. 10,00,000 1/8 1/8th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 7,500
8th Rs. 10,00,000 1/8 1/8th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 7,500
Illustration 15
HDC Ltd. issues 10,000. 12% debentures of Rs. 100 each at Rs. 94 on 1st January, 2006. Under
the terms of issue, 1/5th of the debentures are annually redeemable by drawings, the first
redemption occurring on 31st December, 2006. Calculate the amount of discount to be written-
off in 2006 to 2010.
Solution
Calculation of amount of discount to be written-off
At the Debentures Ratio of benefit Amount of discount to be
Year end outstanding derived written-off
2006 Rs. 10,00,000 5 5/15th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 20,000
2007 Rs. 8,00,000 4 4/15th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 16,000
2008 Rs. 6,00,000 3 3/15th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 12,000
2009 Rs. 4,00,000 2 2/15th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 8,000
2010 Rs. 2,00,000 1 1/15th of Rs. 60,000 = Rs. 4,000
TOTAL 15 Rs. 60,000
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING 9.113
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ISSUE OF DEBENTURES
Tutorial Note : The debentures are to be redeemed in 5 annual instalments, i.e., Rs. 2,00,000
every year. At the end of 1998, the company redeemed Rs. 2,00,000. Tthe company enjoyed
benfit in 2006 Rs. 10,00,000 and in 1999 for Rs. 8,00,000 and so on.
10. INTEREST ON DEBENTURES
Interest payable on coupon debenture is treated as a charge against the profits of the company.
Interest on debenture is paid periodically and is calculated at coupon rate on the nominal
value of debenture. The company will pay interest net of tax to the debenture holders because
the company is under obligation to deduct tax at source at the rates applicable under tax rules
from time to time. The companies will deposit the tax so deducted with income tax authorities.
Following accounting entries are to be recorded in this regard:
1. For making interest due
Interest A/c Dr.
To Debentureholders’ A/c
2. For making payment of interest and deduction of tax at source (TDS)
Debentureholders A/c Dr.
To TDS Payable A/c
To Bank A/c
3. For making payment of tax deducted at source
TDS payable A/c Dr.
To Bank A/c
4. For transferring interest to profit and loss account
Profit and Loss A/c Dr.
To Interest A/c
Illustration 16
A company issued 12% debentures of the face value of Rs. 2,00,000 at 10% discount on
1-1-2005. Debenture interest after deducting tax at source @ 10% was payable on 30th June
and 31st of December every year. All the debentures were to be redeemed after the expiry of
five year period at 5% premium.
Pass journal entries for the accounting year 2005.
Solution
Journal Entries
Dr. (Rs) Cr. (Rs.)
1-1-2005 Bank A/c Dr. 1,80,000
Debenture Discount A/c Dr. 20,000
Loss on Issue of Debentures A/c Dr. 10,000
To 12% Debentures A/c 2,00,000
To Premium on Redemption of Debentures A/c 10,000
(For issue of debentures at discount redeemable at
premium)
30-6-2005 Debenture Interest A/c Dr. 12,000
To Debentureholders A/c 10,800
To Tax Deducted at Source A/c 1,200
(For interest payable)
9.114 COMMON PROFICIENCY TEST
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Debentureholders A/c Dr. 10,800
Tax Deducted at Source A/c Dr. 1,200
To Bank A/c 12,000
(For payment of interest and TDS)
31-12-2005 Debenture Interest A/c Dr. 12,000
To Debentureholders A/c 10,800
To Tax Deducted at Source A/c 1,200
(For interest payable)
Debentureholders A/c Dr. 10,800
Tax Deducted at Source A/c Dr. 1,200
To Bank A/c 12,000
(For payment of interest and tax)
Profit and Loss A/c Dr. 24,000
To Debenture Interest A/c 24,000
(For transfer of debenture interest to
profit and loss account)
Profit and Loss A/c Dr. 4,000
To Debenture Discount A/c 4,000
(For proportionate debenture discount written
off, i.e., 20,000 x 1/5)
Profit and Loss A/c Dr. 2,000
To Loss on Issue of Debenture A/c 2,000
(For proportionate loss on issue written off,
i.e., 1/5 x 10,000)
It may be noted that loss on issue of debenture is also written off in the ratio of debentures
outstanding during different accounting years.
SELF EXAMINATION QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following statements is true?
(a) A debenture holder is an owner of the company
(b) A debenture holder can get his money back only on the liquidation of the company
(c) A debenture issued at a discount can be redeemed at a premium
(d) A debenture holder receives interest only in the event of profits
2. Premium on redemption of debentures account is _______.
(a) A real account (b) A nominal account - income
(c) A personal account (d) A nominal account - expenditure
3. Which of the following statements is false?
(a) At maturity, debenture holders get back their money as per the terms and conditions
of redemption
(b) Debentures can be forfeited for non payment of call money
(c) In company’s balance sheet, debentures are shown under secured loans
(d) Interest on debentures is charged against profits
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING 9.115
Copyright -The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
ISSUE OF DEBENTURES
4. Which of the following statements is false?
(a. A company can issue convertible debentures
(b) Debentures cannot be secured
(c) A company can issue redeemable debentures
(d) Debentures have no right to participate in profits over and above their fixed interest
5. Debenture premium can be used to _____.
(a) Write off the discount on issue of shares or debentures
(b) Write off the premium on redemption of shares or debentures
(c) Write off capital loss (d) All of the above
6. F Ltd. purchased Machinery from G Company for a book value of Rs.4,00,000. The
consideration was paid by issue of 10% debentures of Rs.100 each at a discount of 20%.
The debenture account was credited with ______.
(a) Rs.4,00,000 (b) Rs.5,00,000 (c) Rs.3,20,000 (d) Rs.4,80,000
7. Loss on issue of debentures is treated as ____________.
(a) Intangible asset (b) Current asset
(c) Current liability (d) Miscellaneous expenditure
8. T Ltd. has issued 14% Debentures of Rs.20,00,000 at a discount of 10% on April 01, 2007
and the company pays interest half-yearly on June 30, and December 31 every year. On
March 31, 2009, the amount shown as “interest accrued but not due” in the Balance Sheet
will be
(a) Rs.70,000 (b) Rs.2,10,000
(c) Rs.1,40,000 (d) Rs.2,80,000
9. On May 01, 2008 U Ltd. issued 7% 10,000 convertible debentures of Rs.100 each at a
premium of 20%. Interest is payable on September 30 and March 31 every year. Assuming
that the interest runs from the date of issue, the total amount of interest expenditure
debited to profit and loss account for the year ended March 31, 2009 will be
(a) Rs.70,000 (b) Rs.58,333 (c) Rs.84,000 (d) Rs.64,167
10. Which of the following is/are true with respect to debentures?
(a) They can be issued for cash
(b) They can be issued for consideration other than cash
(c) They cannot be issued as collateral security
(d) Both (a) and (b) above
11. W Ltd. issued 20,000, 8% debentures of Rs.10 each at par, which are redeemable after 5
years at a premium of 20%. The amount of loss on redemption of debentures to be written
off every year will be
(a) Rs.40,000 (b) Rs.10,000 (c) Rs.20,000 (d) Rs.8,000
12. When debentures are issued as collateral security, the final entry for recording the
transaction in the books is __________.
(a) Credit Debentures A/c and debit Cash A/c.
(b) Debit Debenture suspense A/c and credit Cash A/c.
9.116 COMMON PROFICIENCY TEST
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(c) Debit Debenture suspense A/c and credit Debentures A/c.
(d) Debit cash A/c and credit the loan A/c for which security is given.
13. Which of the following is false?
(a) A company can issue redeemable debentures
(b) A company can issue debentures with voting rights
(c) A company can buy its own shares
(d) A company can buy its own debentures
14. Which of the following is false with respect to debentures?
(a) They can be issued for cash
(b) They can be issued for consideration other than cash
(c) They can be issued as collateral security
(d) They can be issued in lieu of dividends
15. Debentures can be _________.
I. Mortgage Debentures or Simple Debentures.
II. Registered Debentures or Bearer Debentures.
III. Redeemable Debentures or Irredeemable Debentures.
IV. Convertible Debentures or Non-convertible Debentures.
(a) Both (I) and (II) above (b) Both (I) and (III) above
(c) Both (II) and (III) above (d) All of (I), (II), (III) and (IV) above.
16. Which of the following statements is false?
(a) Debenture is a form of public borrowing
(b) It is customary to prefix debentures with the agreed rate of interest
(c) Debenture interest is a charge against profits
(d) The issue price and redemption value of debentures cannot differ.
17. As per the Companies Act, “Interest accrued and due on debentures” should be shown
(a) Under Debentures (b) As Current Liabilities
(c) As Provisions (d) As a reduction of bank balance
18. T Ltd. purchased land and building from U Ltd. for a book value of Rs.2,00,000. The
consideration was paid by issue of 12% Debentures of Rs.100 each at a premium of 25%.
The debentures account is credited with _____________.
(a) Rs.2,60,000 (b) Rs.2,50,000 (c) Rs.2,40,000 (d) Rs.1,60,000
19. P Ltd. issued 5,000, 12% debentures of Rs.100 each at a premium of 10%, which are
redeemable after 10 years at a premium of 20%. The amount of loss on redemption of
debentures to be written off every year = ?
(a) Rs.80,000 (b) Rs.40,000 (c) Rs.10,000 (d) Rs. 8,000
20. Which of the following is true with regard to 10% Debentures issued at a discount of
20%?
(a) The carrying amount of debentures gets reduced each year at a rate of 20%
(b) Issue price and the carrying amount of debentures are equal
(c) At the time of redemption, the debenture holder will be paid the issue price
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING 9.117
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ISSUE OF DEBENTURES
(d) The face value and the carrying amount of debentures are equal.
21. Which of the following is false?
(a) Equity is owners’ stake and the debenture is a debt
(b) Rate of interest on debentures is fixed
(c) Debenture holders get preferential treatment over the equity holders at the time of
liquidation
(d) Interest on debentures is an appropriation of profits.
22. Discount on issue of debentures is a ____________.
(a) Revenue loss to be charged in the year of issue
(b) Capital loss to be written off from capital reserve
(c) Capital loss to be written off over the tenure of the debentures
(d) Capital loss to be shown as goodwill
23. When debentures are issued as collateral security against any loan then holder of such
debentures is entitled to
(a) Interest only on the amount of loan
(b) Interest only on the face value of debentures
(c) Interest both on the amount of the loan and on the debentures
(d) None of the above.
24. When debentures are redeemable at different dates, the total amount of discount on issue
of debentures should be written off
(a) Every year by applying the sum of the year’s digit method
(b) Every year by applying the straight line method
(c) To profit and loss account in full in the year of final or last redemption
(d) To profit and loss account in full in the year of first redemption.
25. Which of the following is not a characteristic of Bearer Debentures?
(a) They are treated as negotiable instruments
(b) Their transfer requires a deed of transfer
(c) They are transferable by mere delivery
(d) The interest on it is paid to the holder irrespective of identity.
ANSWERS
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (b)
7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (d) 11. (d) 12.(c)
13. (b) 14.(d) 15.(d) 16. (d) 17. (a) 18.(d)
19. (c) 20.(d) 21.(d) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24.(a)
25. (b)
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